Notch-2

Notch 2
PDB rendering based on 2oo4.
Available structures PDB 2oo4
Identifiers
Symbols	NOTCH2; AGS2; hN2
External IDs	OMIM: 600275 MGI: 97364 HomoloGene: 7865 GeneCards: NOTCH2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • ligand-regulated transcription factor activity • receptor activity • calcium ion binding • protein binding Cellular component • extracellular region • nucleus • nucleoplasm • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • Golgi lumen • cytosol • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • cell surface Biological process • cell fate determination • morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • anti-apoptosis • induction of apoptosis • cell cycle arrest • Notch signaling pathway • Notch receptor processing • multicellular organismal development • determination of left/right symmetry • nervous system development • negative regulation of cell proliferation • organ morphogenesis • gene expression • cell growth • stem cell maintenance • hemopoiesis • cell differentiation • embryonic limb morphogenesis • tissue regeneration • positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction • bone remodeling • regulation of developmental process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4853	18129
Ensembl	ENSG00000134250	ENSMUSG00000027878
UniProt	Q04721	Q3U1W7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001200001.1	NM_010928.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001186930.1	NP_035058.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 120.45 – 120.61 Mb	Chr 3: 97.82 – 97.95 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 also known as notch 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOTCH2 gene.^[1]

NOTCH2 is associated with Alagille syndrome^[2] and Hajdu–Cheney syndrome.^[3]

Function

Notch 2 a member of the notch family. Members of this Type 1 transmembrane protein family share structural characteristics including an extracellular domain consisting of multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, and an intracellular domain consisting of multiple, different domain types. Notch family members play a role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. The Notch signaling network is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathway that regulates interactions between physically adjacent cells. In Drosophilia, notch interaction with its cell-bound ligands (delta, serrate) establishes an intercellular signaling pathway that plays a key role in development. Homologues of the notch-ligands have also been identified in human, but precise interactions between these ligands and the human notch homologues remain to be determined. This protein is cleaved in the trans-Golgi network, and presented on the cell surface as a heterodimer. This protein functions as a receptor for membrane bound ligands, and may play a role in vascular, renal and hepatic development.^[4]

Mutations within the last coding exon of Notch2 that remove the PEST domain and escape the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay have been shown to be the main cause of the Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.^[5][6][7]

Interactions

NOTCH2 has been shown to interact with JAG1,^[8][9][10] JAG2,^[10] Delta-like 1^[8][10][11] and GSK3B.^[12]

References

1. ^ Larsson C, Lardelli M, White I, Lendahl U (May 1995). "The human NOTCH1, 2, and 3 genes are located at chromosome positions 9q34, 1p13-p11, and 19p13.2-p13.1 in regions of neoplasia-associated translocation". Genomics 24 (2): 253–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1613. PMID 7698746. 
2. ^ Samejima H, Torii C, Kosaki R, et al. (2007). "Screening for Alagille syndrome mutations in the JAG1 and NOTCH2 genes using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography". Genet. Test. 11 (3): 216–27. doi:10.1089/gte.2006.0519. PMID 17949281. 
3. ^ Simpson, MA; Irving, MD, Asilmaz, E, Gray, MJ, Dafou, D, Elmslie, FV, Mansour, S, Holder, SE, Brain, CE, Burton, BK, Kim, KH, Pauli, RM, Aftimos, S, Stewart, H, Kim, CA, Holder-Espinasse, M, Robertson, SP, Drake, WM, Trembath, RC (2011-03-06). "Mutations in NOTCH2 cause Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, a disorder of severe and progressive bone loss.". Nature genetics 43 (4): 303–5. doi:10.1038/ng.779. PMID 21378985. 
4. ^ "Entrez Gene: NOTCH2 Notch homolog 2 (Drosophila)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4853. 
5. ^ A Simpson, Michael; Irving, Melita D; Asilmaz, Esra; Gray, Mary J; Dafou, Dimitra; Elmslie, Frances V; Mansour, Sahar; Holder, Sue E et al. (2011). "Mutations in NOTCH2 cause Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, a disorder of severe and progressive bone loss". Nature Genetics 43 (4): 303–305. doi:10.1038/ng.779. PMID 21378985. http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.779.html. Retrieved 2011-03-07. 
6. ^ Isidor, Bertrand; Pierre Lindenbaum (2011). "Truncating mutations in the last exon of NOTCH2 cause a rare skeletal disorder with osteoporosis". Nature Genetics 43 (4): 306–8. doi:10.1038/ng.778. PMID 21378989. http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.778.html. Retrieved doi:10.1038/ng.778. 
7. ^ Majewski, J (2011). "Mutations in NOTCH2 in families with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.". Hum Mutat. doi:10.1002/humu.21546. PMID 21681853. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Shimizu, K; Chiba S, Saito T, Kumano K, Takahashi T, Hirai H (Jul. 2001). "Manic fringe and lunatic fringe modify different sites of the Notch2 extracellular region, resulting in different signaling modulation". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (28): 25753–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103473200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11346656. 
9. ^ Shimizu, K; Chiba S, Kumano K, Hosoya N, Takahashi T, Kanda Y, Hamada Y, Yazaki Y, Hirai H (Nov. 1999). "Mouse jagged1 physically interacts with notch2 and other notch receptors. Assessment by quantitative methods". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (46): 32961–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.46.32961. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10551863. 
10. ^ ^{a b c} Shimizu, K; Chiba S, Hosoya N, Kumano K, Saito T, Kurokawa M, Kanda Y, Hamada Y, Hirai H (Sep. 2000). "Binding of Delta1, Jagged1, and Jagged2 to Notch2 rapidly induces cleavage, nuclear translocation, and hyperphosphorylation of Notch2". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 20 (18): 6913–22. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.18.6913-6922.2000. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 88767. PMID 10958687. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=88767. 
11. ^ Blaumueller, C M; Qi H, Zagouras P, Artavanis-Tsakonas S (Jul. 1997). "Intracellular cleavage of Notch leads to a heterodimeric receptor on the plasma membrane". Cell (UNITED STATES) 90 (2): 281–91. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80336-0. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9244302. 
12. ^ Espinosa, Lluís; Inglés-Esteve Julia, Aguilera Cristina, Bigas Anna (Aug. 2003). "Phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta down-regulates Notch activity, a link for Notch and Wnt pathways". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (34): 32227–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304001200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12794074. 

Further reading

• Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Rand MD, Lake RJ (1999). "Notch signaling: cell fate control and signal integration in development". Science 284 (5415): 770–6. Bibcode 1999Sci...284..770A. doi:10.1126/science.284.5415.770. PMID 10221902. 
• Kojika S, Griffin JD (2001). "Notch receptors and hematopoiesis". Exp. Hematol. 29 (9): 1041–52. doi:10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00676-2. PMID 11532344. 
• Schwarzmeier JD, Hubmann R, Düchler M, et al. (2005). "Regulation of CD23 expression by Notch2 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Leuk. Lymphoma 46 (2): 157–65. doi:10.1080/10428190400010742. PMID 15621797. 
• Stifani S, Blaumueller CM, Redhead NJ, et al. (1993). "Human homologs of a Drosophila Enhancer of split gene product define a novel family of nuclear proteins". Nat. Genet. 2 (2): 119–27. doi:10.1038/ng1092-119. PMID 1303260. 
• Katsanis N, Fitzgibbon J, Fisher EM (1996). "Paralogy mapping: identification of a region in the human MHC triplicated onto human chromosomes 1 and 9 allows the prediction and isolation of novel PBX and NOTCH loci". Genomics 35 (1): 101–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0328. PMID 8661110. 
• Hsieh JJ, Nofziger DE, Weinmaster G, Hayward SD (1997). "Epstein-Barr virus immortalization: Notch2 interacts with CBF1 and blocks differentiation". J. Virol. 71 (3): 1938–45. PMC 191274. PMID 9032325. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=191274. 
• Blaumueller CM, Qi H, Zagouras P, Artavanis-Tsakonas S (1997). "Intracellular cleavage of Notch leads to a heterodimeric receptor on the plasma membrane". Cell 90 (2): 281–91. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80336-0. PMID 9244302. 
• Bigas A, Martin DI, Milner LA (1998). "Notch1 and Notch2 inhibit myeloid differentiation in response to different cytokines". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (4): 2324–33. PMC 121486. PMID 9528802. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=121486. 
• Berezovska O, Xia MQ, Hyman BT (1998). "Notch is expressed in adult brain, is coexpressed with presenilin-1, and is altered in Alzheimer disease". J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 57 (8): 738–45. doi:10.1097/00005072-199808000-00003. PMID 9720489. 
• Gray GE, Mann RS, Mitsiadis E, et al. (1999). "Human ligands of the Notch receptor". Am. J. Pathol. 154 (3): 785–94. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65325-4. PMC 1866435. PMID 10079256. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1866435. 
• Shimizu K, Chiba S, Kumano K, et al. (2000). "Mouse jagged1 physically interacts with notch2 and other notch receptors. Assessment by quantitative methods". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (46): 32961–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.46.32961. PMID 10551863. 
• Shimizu K, Chiba S, Hosoya N, et al. (2000). "Binding of Delta1, Jagged1, and Jagged2 to Notch2 rapidly induces cleavage, nuclear translocation, and hyperphosphorylation of Notch2". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (18): 6913–22. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.18.6913-6922.2000. PMC 88767. PMID 10958687. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=88767. 
• Wu L, Aster JC, Blacklow SC, et al. (2001). "MAML1, a human homologue of Drosophila mastermind, is a transcriptional co-activator for NOTCH receptors". Nat. Genet. 26 (4): 484–9. doi:10.1038/82644. PMID 11101851. 
• Sriuranpong V, Borges MW, Ravi RK, et al. (2001). "Notch signaling induces cell cycle arrest in small cell lung cancer cells". Cancer Res. 61 (7): 3200–5. PMID 11306509. 
• Shimizu K, Chiba S, Saito T, et al. (2001). "Manic fringe and lunatic fringe modify different sites of the Notch2 extracellular region, resulting in different signaling modulation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25753–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103473200. PMID 11346656. 
• Saxena MT, Schroeter EH, Mumm JS, Kopan R (2001). "Murine notch homologs (N1-4) undergo presenilin-dependent proteolysis". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (43): 40268–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107234200. PMID 11518718. 
• Inglés-Esteve J, Espinosa L, Milner LA, et al. (2002). "Phosphorylation of Ser2078 modulates the Notch2 function in 32D cell differentiation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (48): 44873–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104703200. PMID 11577080. 

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/UW/NIH entry on Alagille syndrome
• OMIM entries on Alagille syndrome