Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act, 1953

Apartheid legislation in South Africa 

Precursors
Hut tax
Franchise and Ballot Act (1892)
Natal Legislative Assembly Bill (1894)
General Pass Regulations Bill (1905)
Asiatic Registration Act (1906)
South Africa Act (1909)
Natives Land Act (1913)
Natives in Urban Areas Bill (1918)
Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923)
Colour Bar Act (1923)
Immorality Act (1927)
Native Administration Act (1927)
Representation of Natives Act (1936)
Native Trust and Land Act (1936)
Asiatic Land Tenure Bill (1946)

After 1948
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
Immorality Amendment Act † (1950)
Population Registration Act (1950)
Group Areas Act (1950)
Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
Native Building Workers Act (1951)
Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951)
Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
Native Laws Amendment Act † (1952)
Pass Laws Act (1952)
Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act (1953)
Bantu Education Act (1953)
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
Natives Resettlement Act (1954)
Group Areas Development Act (1955)
Industrial Conciliation Act (1956)
Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act (1956)
Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959)
Extension of University Education Act (1959)
Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959)
Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act (1961)
Preservation of Coloured Areas Act (1961)
Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1961)
Urban Bantu Councils Act (1961)
General Law Amendment Act (1963)

Post-Verwoerd
Terrorism Act (1966)
Coloured Persons Representative Council Amendment Act † (1968)
Prohibition of Improper Interference Act (1968)
Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970)
Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971)
Black Local Authorities Act (1982)
Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1983)

† No new legislation introduced, rather
the existing legislation named was amended.

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The Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act, 1953 (renamed in 1964 to the Bantu Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act, in 1973 to the Bantu Labour Relations Regulation Act, and in 1978 to the Black Labour Relations Regulation Act) was a South African law which formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in South Africa. The effect of the law was to prohibit strike action by Africans.

Legislative history

In 1942, during World War II, War Measure 145 banned Africans from striking, and imposed a penalty of either a £500 fine, or three years' imprisonment for any breach of this measure. After the conclusion of the war, the measure was renewed at various times.^[1] In 1947, an act was proposed which would make "trade unionism illegal and a criminal offence for Africans" in a number of key industries, and ban all strikes by Africans, as well as a number of other restrictions.^[2] Although this proposal was not enacted due to the level of opposition it received, a number of the key points were included in the Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act.^[2]

The act repealed War Measure 145, but in essence placed the measure into law, setting up a legal system of "racially segregated trade unions", and made it illegal for Africans to strike under any circumstances.^[2] Although the law did not ban Africans from having trade unions, it did not legally recognise them. The South African Minister for Labour, Ben Schoeman explained the reason for the ban as being because the Africans "have not the faintest conception of the responsibilities of trade unionism."^[3] The law meant that black Africans had no real way of resisting the demands of their employer.^[4] In place of trade unions, the government allowed the creation of workers' committees, to be set up by the employees, and officially registered. Each place of work was permitted only one committee, which was to have no more than five members; preventing true representation. If a committee had a complaint to raise, it was taken to a regional committee, composed of Africans appointed by the Minister for Labour. These regional committee reported to the Black Labour Board, which consisted solely of whites.^[5] The legislation came into force on 1 May 1954.^[6] An amendment was made to the act in 1959, which imposed the same penalties for striking as had been present in War Measure 145: a maximum fine of £500 or three years' imprisonment.^[7] The act was weakened by the Bantu Labour Relations Regulation Amendment Act, 1973, which allowed Black workers a limited right to strike,^[8] and repealed under section 63 of the Labour Relations Amendment Act, 1981.^[6]

References

1. ^ O'Malley, Padraig. "1942. War Measure No 145". Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and Dialogue. http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01646/05lv01801.htm. Retrieved 19 November 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} O'Malley, Padraig. "1953. Native Labour Settlement of Disputes Act No 48". Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and Dialogue. http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv01829/06lv01856.htm. Retrieved 19 November 2011. 
3. ^ Matas (1994), p. 87.
4. ^ Matas (1994), p. 89.
5. ^ Bendix (2001), pp. 66–67.
6. ^ ^{a b} "Segregationist Legislation Timeline 1950–1959". South African History Online. http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/segregationist-legislation-timeline-1950-1959. Retrieved 19 November 2011. 
7. ^ O'Malley, Padraig. "1959. Native Labour Settlement of Disputes Amendment Act". Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and Dialogue. http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv01829/06lv01897.htm. Retrieved 19 November 2011. 
8. ^ O'Malley, Padraig. "1973. Bantu Labour Relations Regulations Amendment Act No 70". Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and Dialogue. http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv01829/06lv01953.htm. Retrieved 19 November 2011. 

Bibliography

• Matas, David (1994). No More: The Battle against Human Rights Violations. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. ISBN 1-55002-221-0. http://books.google.com/?id=Iz6pvc3YSr0C&dq=B.J.+Schoeman+Minister+of+Labour. 
• Bendix, Sonia (2001) [1989]. Industrial relations in South Africa (Fourth ed.). Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd. ISBN 0-7021-5279-X. http://books.google.com/?id=eo9q9EtSjukC&dq=1953+%22Settlement+of+Disputes%22.