North Eastern Province (Sri Lanka)

North Eastern Province (Sri Lanka)
North Eastern Province
—  Historical Province  —

Flag
Location within Sri Lanka
Country  Sri Lanka
Created September 1988
Admitted September 1988
Abolished 31 December 2006
Capital Trincomalee
Largest City Jaffna
Area[1]
 – Total 18,880 km2 (7,289.6 sq mi)
 – Land 17,651 km2 (6,815.1 sq mi)
Area rank 1st (28.78% of total area)
Population (2003)
 – Total 2,460,565
 – Density 130.3/km2 (337.5/sq mi)
Time zone Sri Lanka (UTC+05:30)
Official Languages Sinhala, Tamil

The North Eastern Province was one of the provinces of Sri Lanka. The province was created in September 1988 by merging the Northern and Eastern provinces.[2] This merger was declared illegal by the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in 2006.[2] The province was formally demerged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007. The capital of the province was Trincomalee.

Contents

History

The Indo-Lanka Accord signed on 29 July 1987 required the Sri Lankan government to devolve powers to the provinces and, in the interim, to merge the Northern and Eastern provinces into one administrative unit. The accord required a referendum to be held by 31 December 1988 in the Eastern Province to decide whether the merger should be permanent. Crucially, the accord allowed the Sri Lankan president to postpone the referendum at his discretion[3]

On 14 November 1987 the Sri Lankan Parliament passed the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No 42 of 1987, establishing provincial councils.[4][5] Nine provincial councils were created by order on 3 February 1988.[2] On 2 and 8 September 1988 President Jayewardene issued proclamations enabling the Northern and Eastern provinces to be one administrative unit administered by one elected Council.[2] The North Eastern Province was born.

The proclamations were only meant to be a temporary measure until a referendum was held in the Eastern Province on a permanent merger between the two provinces. However, the referendum was never held and successive Sri Lankan presidents have issued proclamations annually extending the life of the "temporary" entity.[6]

The merger was bitterly opposed by Sri Lankan nationalists. The combined North Eastern Province occupied one fourth of Sri Lanka. The thought of the Tamil Tigers controlling this province, directly or indirectly, alarmed them greatly. On 14 July 2006, after a long campaign against the merger, the JVP filed three separate petitions with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka requesting a separate Provincial Council for the East[2]. On 16 October 2006 the Supreme Court ruled that the proclamations issued by President Jayewardene were null and void and had no legal effect[2]. The North Eastern Province was formally demerged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007.

Provincial Council

The 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No 42 of 1987 established provincial councils.[4][5] Nine provincial councils were created by order on 3 February 1988.[2] The first elections for provincial councils took place on 28 April 1988 in North Central, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, and Uva provinces.[7]

Elections in the newly merged North Eastern Province were scheduled for 19 November 1988. However, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), which at that time occupied the province, rigged the elections in the north so that the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF) and Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF), two Indian backed paramilitary groups, won all of the 36 seats in the north uncontested[8]. However, elections did take place for the 35 seats in the east. The Sri Lanka Muslim Congress won 17 seats, EPRLF 12 seats, ENDLF 5 seats and the United National Party 1 seat. On 10 December 1988 Annamalai Varatharajah Perumal, a former lecturer at the Jaffna University Economics Department, of the EPRLF became the first Chief Minister of the North Eastern Provincial Council[8].

On 1 March 1990, just as the IPKF were preparing to withdraw from Sri Lanka, Permual moved a motion in the North-East Provincial Council declaraing an independent Eelam.[9] President Premadasa reacted to Permual's UDI by dissolving the provincial council and imposing direct rule on the province.

The province was ruled directly from Colombo until May 2008 when elections were held for the demerged Eastern Provincial Council. As yet, no elections have been held for the Northern Provincial Council.

Governors

The governors of the Sri Lankan provinces tend to be mostly retired politicians, judges and military officers. The North Eastern Province had six governors in its 18 years of existence:[10][11]

No. Name Took Office Left Office
1 Lieutenant General Nalin Seneviratne 30 November 1988 30 November 1993
2 Lionel Fernando 30 November 1993 23 August 1994
3 Gamini Fonseka 13 January 1995 20 October 1998
4 Major General Ashoka Jayawardene 13 November 1998 30 November 2004
5 Tyronne Fernando 6 December 2004 20 January 2006
6 Rear Admiral Mohan Wijeyawickrema 21 January 2006 31 December 2006

References

  1. ^ Department of Census & Statistics Statistical Abstract 2007 (Area & Climate)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "North-East merger illegal:SC". LankaNewspapers.com. 17 October 2006. http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2006/10/8947.html. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  3. ^ "Indo Sri Lanka Agreement, 1987". Tamil Nation. http://www.tamilnation.org/conflictresolution/tamileelam/87peaceaccord.htm. Retrieved 22 August 2009. [dead link]
  4. ^ a b "Provincial Councils". The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka. http://www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/ProvicialCouncils.html. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  5. ^ a b "The Constitution". The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka. http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/AMENDMENTS.html. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  6. ^ Sambandan, V.S. (14 November 2003). "Sri Lanka's North-East to remain united for another year". Chennai, India: The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/11/14/stories/2003111411881500.htm. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  7. ^ "Ethnic Conflict of Sri Lanka: Time Line – From Independence to 1999". International Centre for Ethnic Studies. http://www.ices.lk/sl_database/ethnic_conflict/time_line.shtml. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  8. ^ a b Rajasingham, K.T. (20 April 2002). "Chapter 36: Indians rule the roost". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Asia Times. http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  9. ^ Ferdinando, Shamindra (10 September 2000). "I'm no traitor, says Perumal". Sunday Island. http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/features/20000912no_traitor.htm. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  10. ^ "Retired Navy Chief of Staff appointed NorthEast Governor". TamilNet. 21 January 2006. http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=16949. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 
  11. ^ "Sri Lankan Provinces from 1988". WorldStatesmen.org. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Sri_Lanka_prov.html. Retrieved 22 August 2009. 

External links

Coordinates: 8°15′N 81°20′E / 8.25°N 81.333°E / 8.25; 81.333


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka — The North Eastern Province of Sri Lanka was an administrative unit created following the merger of the Northern Province and the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka into a single entity in 1987. The merging of the two provinces was declared invalid in… …   Wikipedia

  • Eastern Province, Sri Lanka — Eastern Province கிழக்கு மாகாணம் නැගෙනහිර පළාත   Province   …   Wikipedia

  • North Western Province, Sri Lanka — North Western Province වයඹ පළාත வட மேல் மாகாணம் Wayamba Province   Province   …   Wikipedia

  • Northern Province, Sri Lanka — Northern Province வட மாகாணம் උතුරු පළාත   Province   …   Wikipedia

  • Divisional Secretariats of Eastern Province, Sri Lanka — The districts of the Sri Lanka are divided into administrative sub units known as divisional secretariats. These were originally based on the feudal counties, the korales and ratas. They were formerly known as D.R.O. Divisions after the… …   Wikipedia

  • Divisional Secretariats of North Western Province, Sri Lanka — The districts of the Sri Lanka are divided into administrative sub units known as divisional secretariats. These were originally based on the feudal counties, the korales and ratas. They were formerly known as D.R.O. Divisions after the… …   Wikipedia

  • Divisional Secretariats of North Central Province, Sri Lanka — The districts of the Sri Lanka are divided into administrative sub units known as divisional secretariats. These were originally based on the feudal counties, the korales and ratas. They were formerly known as D.R.O. Divisions after the… …   Wikipedia

  • Central Province, Sri Lanka — Central Province මධ්‍යම පළාත மத்திய மாகாணம்   Province   …   Wikipedia

  • North Central Province — උතුරු මැද පළාත வட மத்திய மாகாணம் Uturumeda Province   Province   …   Wikipedia

  • Southern Province, Sri Lanka — Southern Province දකුණු පළාත தென் மாகாணம்   Province   …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”