North Church (Portsmouth, New Hampshire)

Coordinates: 43°04′37″N 70°45′28″W / 43.076866°N 70.757854°W / 43.076866; -70.757854

Front entrance of North Church

The North Church of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States is a historic church. It is located in Market Square across from the Portsmouth Athenæum. The church features an Italianate edifice and a steeple which can be seen from most of the city. The spire of North Church has been referred to as Portsmouth's "landmark of record".^[1]

History

The first church built in Portsmouth was constructed in 1657 near a milldam. Another church building was built on a corner of the same 50-acre (0.20 km²) glebe at the corner of Congress Street and Pleasant Street roughly fifty years later.^[2][3] A large clock and bell were placed upon the church in 1749.^[4] The church kept extensive records of baptisms, marriages, and funerals of members.^[5]

Steeple of North Church

The second church was replaced by a new building in 1835, although the same clock, bell, and furnishings were used.^[6] The church was a three story wooden building that featured two tiers of balconies. The pulpit and the main entrance were located at different sides of the building. It had a 150-foot (46 m) steeple.^[7] Members of the church were required to purchase pews.^[8] Prominent members included William Whipple, John Langdon, and Daniel Webster. President George Washington attended a service during his visit to New Hampshire in 1789.^[7]

Slave owners had to purchase extra pews for their slaves. The slave pews were on the top corner of the balcony and had a clear view out the window to the town's whipping post.^[8][9] A majority of the black people in Portsmouth attended North Church, and the church appointed an overseer to ensure that they paid proper attention during the sermon.^[10][11] The church often paid indigent members of the community small sums of money to do menial tasks.^[12]

In 1854 the church building was demolished and there was an extensive Victorian style renovation and rebuilding project on the same site.^[13] The new building cost $30,000 to construct.^[7] In 1856 a more modern clock was installed. The congregation planned to have the bell recast in England, but it was lost in a shipwreck.^[6] A new organ was added in 1890.^[7] A bell on the church was used to signal the community's 9 P.M. curfew from the 1700s into the 1900s.^[14]

Recent history

The church was renovated in 1978, as part of efforts to enhance the beauty of Market Square. In May 2006 the roof of the building underwent a major renovation project and a new spire was installed. Two months later, however, the new spire of the church was knocked by strong winds during a thunderstorm.^[15]

In 2005 a vandal struck the church and caused $26,000 worth of damage. The case remained unsolved for four years until blood that was used to write a message at the scene was matched to a man from Maine.^[16]

In addition to hosting the services of the North Church congregation, the building is also rented out for concerts and worship services held by congregations that lack their own building.^[17][18]

Theology

North Church has always been a Congregational church, and encountered persecution after Charles II of England passed the Act of Uniformity in 1662.^[4] By the early 1800s North Church was considered to be much more conservative than the other large Congregational church in Portsmouth, which had become Unitarian. In the 1840s the minister of North Church, Edwin Holt, began vocally espousing abolitionism. This position upset many members of the church, and the uproar led to Holt leaving the church.^[19]

North Church is now a member of the United Church of Christ denomination.^[20]

References

1. ^ Andersen, Robert (23 July 1989). "Driving New England's Historic Coast". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0713F9345A0C708EDDAE0894D1484D81. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
2. ^ Wallington 1907, p. 17
3. ^ Gurney 1902, p. 138
4. ^ ^{a b} Wallington 1907, p. 18
5. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 46
6. ^ ^{a b} Wallington 1907, p. 19
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Gurney 1902, p. 140
8. ^ ^{a b} Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 48
9. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 49
10. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 50
11. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 51
12. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 93
13. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 5
14. ^ "Trouble With the Curfew". The New York Times. 22 March 1896. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60612FA395A16738DDDAB0A94DB405B8685F0D3. Retrieved 17 February 2011. 
15. ^ Calloway, LeMont (30 July 2006). "Storm topples N.H. church spire". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2006/07/30/storm_topples_nh_church_spire/. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
16. ^ "Maine man accused of vandalizing NH church". WHDH. Associated Press. 18 August 2009. http://www1.whdh.com/news/articles/local/BO121989/. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
17. ^ "North Church supports Harbor Church in outreach program". Seacoast Online (Portsmouth). 27 March 2009. http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20090327-LIFE-903270306. Retrieved 18 February 2011. 
18. ^ "Portsmouth Symphony Orchestra concert to benefit Haiti". Seacoast Online (Portsmouth). 18 January 2010. http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20100118-NEWS-100119800. Retrieved 18 February 2011. 
19. ^ Cunningham & Sammons 2004, p. 130
20. ^ "Who We Are". North Church of Portsmouth. http://www.northchurchportsmouth.org/WhoWeAre.shtml. Retrieved 18 February 2011. 

Bibliography

• Cunningham, Valérie; Sammons, Mark (2004), Black Portsmouth: three centuries of African-American heritage, Lebanon: University of New Hampshire Press, pp. 280, ISBN 978-1584652892, http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=f7BJj742rUwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA35&dq=%22north+church%22+portsmouth+nh&ots=rkRxHbwJU7&sig=u-pLxw_TiFtiTU47iio1ryPmFv8#v=snippet&q=%22north%20church%22&f=false 
• Gurney, Caleb Stevens (1902), Portsmouth, historic and picturesque: a volume of information, Portland: Lakeside Press, pp. 261, http://books.google.com/books?id=9cOYUXOI_JUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22north+church%22+portsmouth+nh&hl=en&ei=SlBYTansHYHGlQef5tigBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false 
• Wallington, Nellie Urner (1907), Historic churches of America, New York: Duffield, pp. 261, http://books.google.com/books?id=9cOYUXOI_JUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22north+church%22+portsmouth+nh&hl=en&ei=SlBYTansHYHGlQef5tigBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false