Old Burmese

Old Burmese
Old Burmese
Spoken in Pagan
Era ?
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
Writing system Burmese script
Language codes
ISO 639-3 obr

Old Burmese is the language attested in the stone inscriptions of Pagan and is the oldest phase of Burmese linguistic history. The earliest monument in Old Burmese is the Old Burmese face of the Myazedi inscription.

Many things remain controversial in the understanding of Old Burmese phonology and morphology. However it is clear that Burmese maintains a number of distinctions which are lost in the standard orthography of standard Burmese. Examples of such differences include the consonant yh- and the lateral clusters kl- and khl-. The earliest Old Burmese documents, in particular the Myazedi and Lokatheikpan inscriptions frequently have -o- where later Burmese has -wa. Old Burmese also had a final -at and -an distinct from -ac and -any as shown by Nishi (1974).

Old Burmese Written Burmese
yh- rh-
pl- pr-
kl- ky-
-uy -we
-iy -e
-o (early OB) -wa

References

  • Dempsey, Jakob (2001). “Remarks on the vowel system of old Burmese.” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 24.2: 205-34. Errata 26.1 183.
  • Nishi Yoshio 西 義郎 (1974) "ビルマ文語の-acについて Birumabungo-no-ac-ni tsuite" [On -ac in Burmese] 東洋学報 Tōyō gakuhō. The Journal of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 56.1: 01-43
  • Nishi Yoshio (1999). Four Papers on Burmese: Toward the history of Burmese (the Myanmar language). Tokyo: Institute for the study of languages and cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
  • Nishida Tatsuo 西田龍雄 (1955) "Myazedki 碑文における中古ビルマ語の研究 Myazedi hibu ni okeru chūko biruma go no kenkyū. Studies in the later ancient Burmese Language through Myazedi Inscriptions." 古代學 Kodaigaku Palaeologia 4.1:17-31 and 5.1: 22-40.
  • Pān Wùyún 潘悟雲 (2000). "緬甸文元音的轉寫 Miǎndiàn wényuán yīn de zhuǎn xiě. [The Transliteration of Vowels of Burman Script].” 民族語文 Mínzú Yǔwén 2000.2: 17-21.
  • Wāng Dànián 汪大年 (1983). "缅甸语中辅音韵尾的历史演变 Miǎndiànyǔ fǔyīn yùnwěi de lìshǐ yǎnbiàn [Historical evolution of Burmese finals." 民族语文 Mínzú Yǔwén 2: 41-50.
  • Yanson, Rudolf (1990). Вопросы фонологии древнебирманского языка. Voprosy fonologii drevnebirmanskogo jazyka. Moscow: Nauk.

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