Catopsilia scylla

Catopsilia scylla
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Genus:	Catopsilia
Species:	C. scylla
Binomial name
Catopsilia scylla (Linnaeus, 1763)

Catopsilia scylla, the Orange Migrant or Orange Emigrant, is a species of butterfly that lives in South East Asia and Australasia. Its larvae feed predominantly on plants of the genera Cassia and Senna.

Description

Adults are approximately 60–65 millimetres (2.4–2.6 in) long. The males have white forewings edged in black, and cadmium yellow hindwings, usually with black spots on the margins. Females are similar, but have an additional group of black spots on the forewing, which often merge together to form a dark ring.^[1]

Distribution

C. scylla has a wide distribution in South East Asia and Australasia. Its range stretches from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, along the Malay Peninsula, across Java and Sumatra, and over northern Australia. It was recently discovered in Sri Lanka.^[1]

Host plants

Ventral view

In Australia, C. scylla has been recorded on various species of Senna, including Senna didymobotrya, Senna leptoclada and Senna surattensis.^[2] In Singapore, host plants include Senna obtusifolia, Cassia fistula, and especially Senna pallida.^[3]

The eggs are milky white and spindle-shaped, and are usually laid singly on a leaf of the host plant. The eggs hatch after 1.5–2 days, and the caterpillars grow through five instars over 11–13 days, to reach a final length of 40 millimetres (1.6 in). The caterpillars are green and smooth, with a rounded head, and develops a series of black dots and a white lateral line on top of the plain green ground colour. Pupae are 26 mm (1.0 in) long, and are attached to the host plant in an upright position. After 7 days, the adult emerges.^[3]

Taxonomy

Catopsilia scylla was first described by Carl Linnaeus, as Papilio scylla, in his 1763 work Centuria Insectorum.^[4]

The subspecies C. s. etesia (originally described as Catopsilia etesia) is known in Australia as the Orange Migrant.^[5] Elsewhere, the species is called the Orange Emigrant.^[1] Other subspecies include C. s. praerubida, C. s. sidra, C. s. cornelia, C. s. asema, C. s. bangkeiana and C. s. moluccarum.^[6]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Orange Migrant Catopsilia scylla, Linnaeus 1763". Sri Lankan Insects. February 28, 2008. http://www.srilankaninsects.net/butterflies/pieridae/OrangeMigrant/OrangeMigrant.htm. Retrieved June 18, 2010. 
2. ^ "Species Catopsilia scylla (Linnaeus, 1763)". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity//abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/af174935-3fa5-44c2-aeac-7238499cfa19. Retrieved June 18, 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Gan Cheong Weei (October 4, 2001). "Catopsilia scylla (Orange Emigrant)". Expert Insight 2. http://butterfly.nss.org.sg/expert/Catopsilia-scylla/C-scylla.htm. 
4. ^ Martin R. Honey & Malcolm J. Scoble (2008). "Linnaeus's butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 132 (3): 277–399. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb01326.x. 
5. ^ "Subspecies Catopsilia scylla etesia (Hewitson, 1867)". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity//abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/baea284a-1fad-4007-aeb5-7154c1974ab1. Retrieved June 18, 2010. 
6. ^ Markku Savela. "Catopsilia Hübner, [1819]". Lepidoptera and some other life forms. http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/pieridae/coliadinae/catopsilia/. Retrieved June 18, 2010.