- Outline of wine
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See also: Glossary of wine terms
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to wine:
Wine – alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented grape juice.[1] The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients.[2] Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced.
Nature of wine
- Main article: Wine
- Drink –
- Alcoholic beverage – a beverage containing alcohol. Wine includes the following ingredients:
- Alcohol –
- Fermented grape juice – what wine is made from
- Fermentation – catalyst function that turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation yeast interact with sugars in the juice to create ethanol, commonly known as ethyl alcohol.
- Grape – non-climacteric fruit that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, and grape seed oil.
- Juice – the liquid that is naturally contained in fruit or vegetable tissue.
- Alcoholic beverage – a beverage containing alcohol. Wine includes the following ingredients:
Types of wine
Wine styles
- Biodynamic wine –
- Dessert wine –
- Fortified wine –
- Fruit wine –
- Ice wine –
- Mead –
- Orange wine –
- Rosé –
- Sparkling wine –
- Straw wine –
- Table wine –
Grape varieties
Main article: List of grape varietiesBelow are some examples of grape varieties from which wine is made, arranged by variety:
International varieties
White
- Chardonnay –
- Chenin blanc –
- Gewürztraminer –
- Muscat –
- Riesling –
- Sauvignon blanc –
- Sémillon –
Red
Regional varieties
White
- Albariño –
- Aligoté –
- Arneis –
- Assyrtiko –
- Furmint –
- Garganega –
- Grüner Veltliner –
- Marsanne –
- Müller-Thurgau –
- Pinot blanc –
- Pinot gris/Pinot grigio –
- Prosecco –
- Ribolla Gialla –
- Roussanne –
- Silvaner –
- Torrontés –
- Ugni blanc/Trebbiano –
- Verdejo –
- Verdicchio –
- Vermentino –
- Viognier –
Red
- Aglianico –
- Barbera –
- Blaufränkisch –
- Bobal –
- Cabernet Franc –
- Carignan –
- Carmenère –
- Cinsaut –
- Corvina –
- Dolcetto –
- Frappato –
- Gamay –
- Grenache/Garnacha –
- Lagrein –
- Malbec –
- Mencía/Jaen –
- Mourvèdre/Monastrell/Mataro –
- Nebbiolo –
- Negroamaro –
- Nero d'Avola –
- Petite sirah/Durif –
- Petit verdot –
- Pinot meunier –
- Pinotage –
- Poulsard –
- Sagrantino –
- Sangiovese –
- Tannat –
- Tempranillo –
- Touriga Nacional –
- Zinfandel/Primitivo –
Wine by country
Main article: List of wine-producing countriesWine by country Albania · Algeria · Argentina · Armenia · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Canada · Chile · China · Croatia · Cyprus · Czech Republic · Denmark · Egypt · France · Germany · Georgia · Greece · Hungary · India · Iran · Israel · Italy · Japan · Kazakhstan · Lebanon · Liechtenstein · Luxembourg · Macedonia · Malta · Mexico · Moldova · Montenegro · Morocco · Namibia · Netherlands · New Zealand · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · South Africa · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey · Ukraine · United Kingdom · United States · Uruguay · VietnamWine by region
Main articles: Classification of wine and List of wine-producing regions- Australia
- Chile
- Central Valley –
- France
- Bordeaux wine –
- Burgundy wine –
- Chablis –
- Champagne –
American wine Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · WyomingGerman wine regions 1. Ahr 2. Baden 3. Franconia 4. Hessische Bergstraße 5. Mittelrhein 6. Mosel 7. Nahe 8. Palatinate 9. Rheingau 10. Rheinhessen 11. Saale-Unstrut 12. Saxony 13. Württemberg Wine portal Western Australian Wine Wine Regions Portuguese wine regions Major regions Denominação de
Origem Controlada (DO)Spanish wine regions Major regions Denominación
de Origen (DO)Calatayud • Campo de Borja • Cariñena • Somontano • Cava
Abona • El Hierro • Gran Canaria • La Gomera • La Palma • Tacoronte-Acentejo • Valle de Güímar • Valle de la Orotava • Ycoden-Daute-IsoraArlanza • Arribes • Bierzo • Cigales • Ribera del Duero • Rueda • Tierra de León • Tierra del Vino de Zamora • Toro • CavaAlmansa • Dehesa del Carrizal • Dominio de Valdepusa • Finca Élez • Guijoso • Jumilla • La Mancha • Manchuela • Méntrida • Mondéjar • Ribera del Júcar • Uclés (DO) • ValdepeñasAlella • Catalunya • Conca de Barberà • Costers del Segre • Empordà • Montsant • Penedès • Pla de Bages • Priorat • Tarragona • Terra Alta • CavaRibera del Guadiana • CavaWine industry
Wine professions and qualifications
- Vintner –
- Master of Wine –
- Winemaker –
Wine packaging
- Types of wine packages
- Box and bag –
- Jug –
- Bottle –
- Wine label –
Wine production
- Globalization of wine –
- Global warming and wine –
- Viticulture –
- Annual growth cycle of grapevines –
- Harvest –
- Mechanical harvesting –
- Ripeness in viticulture –
- Vineyard –
- Vineyards –
- Winemaking –
- Aging of wine –
- Co-fermentation –
- Fermentation –
- Maceration –
- Malolactic fermentation –
- Must – freshly pressed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit.
- Pomace – solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit. In winemaking, the length of time that the pomace stays in the juice is critical for the final character of the wine.
- Oak in wine production –
- Storage of wine –
- Wine press – device used to extract juice from crushed grapes during wine making.
- Wineries –
- Winery –
- Wine producing countries –
- Wine producing regions –
Wine selecting
- Wine competitions –
- Wine tasting –
- Blind tasting of wine –
- Vertical and horizontal wine tasting –
Wine in culture
- Christianity and wine –
- Cocktails with wine, sparkling wine, or port –
- Comité Régional d'Action Viticole –
- Cult wines –
- Drinking culture –
- Dionysus –
Wine and health
Main article: Wine and health- Alcohol –
- French Paradox –
- Phenolic compounds in wine –
- Red wine headache –
History of wine
- Main article: History of wine
By period
- Ancient Greece and wine – The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production which they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others through trade and colonization.
- Ancient Rome and wine –
- Champagne Riots –
By region
- Africa
- History of South African wine
- Asia
- Europe
- History of French wine
- History of Portuguese wine
- History of Spanish wine
- North America
Appellations
- Alsace Grand Cru AOC(France) –
- American Viticultural Areas –
- ονομασία προελεύσεως ελεγχομένη (Greece) –
- Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (France) –
- Australian Geographical Indications –
- Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 (France) –
- Classification of Graves wine (France) –
- Classification of Saint-Émilion wine (France) –
- Denominação de Origem Controlada (Portugal) –
- Denominación de Origen(Spain) –
- Denominazione di Origine Controllata (Italy) –
- Districtus Austria Controllatus –
- Label Integrity Program or LIP (Australia) –
- List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée wines (France) –
- Protected Designation of Origin (European Union) –
- Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (Germany) –
- Vintners Quality Assurance (Canada) –
- Wine of Origin (South Africa) –
Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 Classed Growths of MédocPremiers Crus Lafite Rothschild · Latour · Margaux · Haut-Brion (Graves) · Mouton Rothschild (1973)
Seconds Crus Troisièmes Crus Kirwan · d'Issan · Lagrange · Langoa-Barton · Giscours · Malescot St. Exupéry · Boyd-Cantenac · Cantenac-Brown · Palmer · La Lagune · Desmirail · Calon-Ségur · Ferrière · Marquis d'Alesme Becker
Quatrièmes Crus Cinquièmes Crus Pontet-Canet · Batailley · Haut-Batailley · Grand-Puy-Lacoste · Grand-Puy-Ducasse · Lynch-Bages · Lynch-Moussas · Dauzac · d'Armailhac · du Tertre · Haut-Bages-Libéral · Pédesclaux · Belgrave · de Camensac · Cos Labory · Clerc-Milon · Croizet Bages · Cantemerle (1856)
Premier Cru Supérieur Premier Crus Deuxième Crus de Myrat · Doisy Daëne · Doisy-Dubroca · Doisy-Védrines · d'Arche · Filhot · Broustet · Nairac · Caillou · Suau · de Malle · Romer du Hayot · Romer · Lamothe · Lamothe-Guignard
Organizations and institutions
- Academie du Vin –
- American Society for Enology and Viticulture –
- APCOR (Portugal) –
- ASDW Association of Small Direct Wine Merchants (United Kingdom) –
- Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology –
- Australian Wine Research Institute –
- Comite Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne –
- Comité Régional d'Action Viticole –
- Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (Canada) –
- Garagistes (France) –
- Geilweilerhof Institute for Grape Breeding (Germany) –
- Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute (Germany) –
- Institut National des Appellations d'Origine –
- L'Academie du Vin –
- Missouri Valley Wine Society –
- Wine Institute (California) –
- Wine Institute of New Zealand –
- Wine Research Centre (Canada) –
- Wine and Spirit Trade Association (United Kingdom) –
Publications
- Australian & New Zealand Wine Industry Journal –
- Wine Spectator –
Other
- Beaujolais Day –
- The Berthomeau Report –
- Fighting varietals –
- Wine Parkerization –
- Plan Bordeaux –
- Prohibition –
- Riesling Trail –
- Semi-generic –
- Sake –
- Super Tuscans –
- Temperance movement –
- Terroir –
- Wine defect –
Persons influential in the field of wine
Main article: List of wine personalities- Oz Clarke –
- James Halliday –
- Robert Mondavi –
- Robert M. Parker, Jr. –
- Jancis Robinson –
- Michel Rolland –
Wine scholars
- Falcon Crest –
- Mondovino –
- Sideways –
- Wine TV –
- Bottle Shock –
See also
References
- ^ "wine". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106005/wine. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^ Johnson, H. (1989). Vintage: The Story of Wine. Simon & Schuster. pp. 11–6. ISBN 0671791826.
External links
- The Guardian & Observer Guide to Wine
- The wine anorak by wine writer Jamie Goode
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