Tiger reserves of India

Tiger reserves of India
Tiger Reserves in India (2011)

There are 39 tiger reserves in India (6-21-2011) which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.[1] There were an additional six proposed and seven approved in principle reserves that are not yet declared.

Contents

Goals

The 53,547 km2 (20,675 sq mi) of declared reserves are operated by state forestry departments “to ensure maintenance of viable populations of the conservation dependent Bengal tigers in India. The tigers are maintained for their scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve for all time areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people”.[2]

The largest Tiger Reserve is the 3,568 km2 (1,378 sq mi) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve of Andhra Pradesh.[3][4][5]

Population assessment

The landmark 2008 report, Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India, published by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, estimated only 1411 adult tigers in existence in India (plus uncensused tigers in the Sundarbans).[6]

The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of tigers in India as 1,706. This exhaustive study indicated that better protected tiger source sites, especially tiger reserves, have maintained viable tiger populations, however, the area occupied by tigers outside protected areas has decreased considerably. This demonstrates the need for securing corridors for tigers to move between source sites. The existing tiger reserves represent around one-third of India's high density forest area. [7]

Management effectiveness

From June, 2010 to July, 2011 the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in partnership with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) under took an independent Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) of all 39 tiger reserves in the country. The category-wise outcome of MEE Process is summarized as follows: Very Good: Annamalai, Bandhavgarh, Bandipur, Bhadra, Dandeli-Anshi, Kalakad-Mundanthurai, Kanha, Kaziranga, Mudumalai, Parambikulam, Pench (Madhya Pradesh), Periyar, Satpura and Sundarbans; Good: Buxa, Corbett, Dampa, Dudhwa, Manas, Melghat, Nagarhole, Pakke, Pench (Maharashtra), Ranthambhore and Tadoba-Andhari; Satisfactory: Achanakmar, Nameri, Namdapha, Sanjay, Sayadari and Valmiki; Poor: Satkosia. [8]

3 year-old male named Baccha (Hindi: Child) residing in Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan
Tigress with her two cubs in Kanha tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh
A Tiger in Bandhavgarh tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh
Tiger with cub in Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Tiger in bamboo at Banerghatta tiger and lion reserve, Karnataka
Tiger at Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan
Tiger T-17 at Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan
Tiger at Ranthambore tiger reserve
Tiger pug marks at Sunderbans tiger reserve, West Bengal
Spotted deer tiger prey at Jim Corbett tiger reserve, Uttarakhand

List of Tiger Reserves in India

Sortable list of Tiger Reserves in India (click arrow to sort column)
State Tiger Reserves Year Estd. # Total Area (km2) Management status Remarks
Assam Kaziranga Tiger Reserve 2006 32 859 very good Good tiger density
Assam Manas Tiger Reserve 1973-74 4 2840 good Poor tiger density, Recovering from prolonged disturbance due to Bodo unrest
Assam Nameri Tiger Reserve 1999–2000 27 344 satisfactory Encroachment and tree cutting by locals
Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha Tiger Reserve 1982-83 15 1985 satisfactory Low tiger density, Extremism , encroachment by Lisus
Arunachal Pradesh Pakhui Tiger Reserve 1999–2000 26 862 good Good tiger density
Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve 1982-83 14 3568 poor Low tiger density Left wing extremism (Naxalite)
Bihar Valmiki Tiger Reserve 1989-90 18 840 satisfactory Low tiger density extremism
Chhattisgarh Indravati Tiger Reserve 1982-83 13 2799 poor Severely affected by Naxalites, Out of bounds
Chhattisgarh Guru Ghasidas National Park 2010 (pro) 51 2899 satisfactory Separated from Sanjay National Park in Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand Palamau Tiger Reserve 1973-74 6 1026 Poor Low tiger density, Left wing extremism
Karnataka Bandipur Tiger Reserve 1973-74 1 866 very good Good tiger density
Karnataka Nagarhole (extension) Tiger Reserve 1999–2000 37 643 good Good tiger density
Karnataka Bhadra Tiger Reserve 1998-99 24 492 very good Low tiger density
Kerala Periyar Tiger Reserve 1978-79 10 925 very good There are an estimated 53 tigers(2010) in the reserve.
Tamil Nadu / Kerala Annamalai Tiger Reserve 2008-09 29 1019 very good Moderate tiger density
Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve 1993-94 21 1162 very good Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve 1999–2000 28 1486 very good Poor tiger density
Madhya Pradesh Kanha Tiger Reserve 1973-74 3 1945 very good Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh Panna Tiger Reserve 1994-95 22 542 poor Recovering from local extinction of tiger due to poaching. Dacoit infestation.
Madhya Pradesh Pench Tiger Reserve 1992-93 19 758 very good Good tiger density
Maharashtra Melghat Tiger Reserve 1973-74 5 1677 good Low tiger density
Maharashtra Pench Tiger Reserve 1998-99 25 257 good Moderate tiger density
Maharashtra Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve 1993-94 20 620 good Moderate tiger density, High rate of man tiger conflicts
Maharashtra Sahyadri Tiger Reserve[1] 2008 39 569 satisfactory 9 tigers (2007)
Mizoram Dampa Tiger Reserve 1994-95 23 5 00 good Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Orissa Simlipal Tiger Reserve 1973-74 8 2750 poor Iow tiger density, Left wing extremism
Rajasthan Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve 1973-74 7 1334 good Good tiger density
Rajasthan Sariska Tiger Reserve 1978-79 11 866 poor Recovering from local extinction of tiger due to poaching
Tamil Nadu Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve 1988-89 17 800 very good Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Tamil Nadu Mudumalai National Park 2007 36 321 very good Moderate tiger density
Kerala Parambikulam Tiger Reserve 2010 38 391

[9]

very good Moderate tiger density
Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa Tiger Reserve 1987-88 16 811 good Good tiger density, Poaching along borders
Uttaranchal Corbett Tiger Reserve 1973-74 2 1316 good Good tiger density
West Bengal Buxa Tiger Reserve 1982-83 12 759 good Low tiger density offences by jobless tea plantation workers
West Bengal Sunderbans Tiger Reserve 1973-74 9 2585 very good Good tiger density
Chhattisgarh Udanti & Sitanadi Tiger Reserve 2008-09 30 1580 poor Low tiger density
Orissa Satkosia Tiger Reserve 2007 31 988 poor Low tiger density
Chhattisgarh Achanakmar Tiger Reserve[2] 2008 33 963 satisfactory Low tiger density
Karnataka Dandeli-Anashi Tiger Reserve 2007 34 875 satisfactory Low tiger density
Madhya Pradesh Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve 2008 35 831 poor Very low tiger density
Karnataka Bannerghatta tiger and lion reserve 1978 104 zoo not a Project Tiger reserve
Tamil Nadu Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (Pro) 2010 (pro) 47 524 46 tigers (2010)
Karnataka Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary 2010 In-principle approval 40 540 [3] 17 tigers (2005)
Karnataka Kudremukh Tiger Reserve 2011 In-principle approval 41 360[10] 20 tigers (2010)
Andhra Pradesh Kawal Tiger Reserve 2011 In-principle approval 42 893 20 tigers (2010)
Maharashtra Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger Reserve 2011 (pro) 48
Maharashtra Bhor Tiger Reserve 2011 pro) 49
Uttar Pradesh Pilibhit Tiger Reserve 2010 In-principle approval 43 1089
Orissa Sunabeda Tiger Reserve 2010 In-principle approval 44 856
Madhya Pradesh Ratapani Tiger Reserve 2010 In-principle approval 45 674
Goa Mhadei Tiger Reserve 2011 (pro) 52 [11]
Uttar Pradesh Suhelwa Tiger Reserve 2010 (pro) 50
Rajasthan Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve 2011 In-principle approval[12]

[13]

46

References

  1. ^ Chetan Chauhan (6-21-2011), Kawal is tiger reserve no. 42, New Delhi: Hindustan Times, http://www.hindustantimes.com/Kawal-is-tiger-reserve-no-42/Article1-711790.aspx, retrieved 6-21-2011 
  2. ^ "CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME, PROJECT TIGER, XTH FIVE YEAR PLAN, GUIDELINES". COMPENDIUM OF GUIDELINES & CIRCULARS ISSUED BY DIRECTOR (PROJECT TIGER). Delhi: PROJECT TIGER DIVISION MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FRORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. pp. A. PROJECT TIGER 1.1 Description of the Scheme and its objectives. http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-31. 
  3. ^ "STATE OF PROJECT TIGER RESERVES". New Delhi: Project Tiger, Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests. 15 July 2009. http://www.envfor.nic.in/pt/State_PT.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-30. 
  4. ^ "Name of the Tiger Reserves in Tiger range states with year of creation and area". Facts and Figures. Project Tiger Directorate, Ministry of Environment, Govt of India. http://projecttiger.nic.in/yearofcreation.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-31. 
  5. ^ "Eight New Tiger Reserves". Press Release. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India. November 13, 2008. http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799. Retrieved 2009-10-31. 
  6. ^ Y.V.Jhala, R.Gopal, Q.Qureshi (eds.), ed (2008). Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India. TR 08/001. New Delhi: National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India. pp. -151. http://projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/status_of_tigers_in_india_2008.pdf. 
  7. ^ "INDIA TIGER ESTIMATE 2010", Public Information Brochure (New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA): p. 9, 3-28-2011, http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf, retrieved 6-21-2011 
  8. ^ "'TIGER~MEETR', MEASURING THE MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA", Public Information Booklet (New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA): p. 7, July, 2011, http://www.projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/meetr_tiger_2011.pdf, retrieved 8-9-2011 
  9. ^ "Parambikulam-Wildlife-sanctuary-to-be-made-Tiger-Reserve", environment/flora-fauna (Time of India), http://maillogout.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Parambikulam-Wildlife-sanctuary-to-be-made-Tiger-Reserve/articleshow/5579586.cms 
  10. ^ Ajith Athrady (6-19-2001), "Centre gives nod to Kudremukh tiger reserve", Deccan Herald (New Delhi: The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd.), http://www.deccanherald.com/content/170087/centre-gives-nod-kudremukh-tiger.html 
  11. ^ "Centre asks Goa to propose Mhadei sanctuary as a tiger reserve", Deccan Herald (The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd), 6-28-2011, http://www.deccanherald.com/content/172182/centre-asks-goa-propose-mhadei.html 
  12. ^ Cabinet approves 5 new Tiger reserve, Live India, 1-13-2011, http://liveindia.tv/india/cabinet-approves-5-new-tiger-reserve/ 
  13. ^ [1.pdf "LIST OF TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA"], Stripes (New Delhi: Inder Mohan Singh Kathuria on behalf of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India) 2, issue 2: p. 19, January-February 2011, http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/STRIPES%20-%20JAN-FEB%202011[1].pdf, retrieved 6-21-2011 

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