Struvite

Struvite

Chembox new
ImageFile=Struvite crystals dog with scale 1.jpg
ImageSize=200px
ImageName=Struvite crystals
IUPACName=ammonium; magnesium; phosphate; hexahydrate
OtherNames=
Section1= Chembox Identifiers
CASNo=
PubChem=6335612
SMILES=N.O.O.O.O.O.O.OP(=O)(O)O. [Mg]
Section2= Chembox Properties
Formula=(NH4)MgPO4·6H2O
MolarMass=245.3458
Appearance=
Density=1.711
MeltingPt=
BoilingPt=
Solubility=0.0231 g per 100 cc, 0C; 0.0195 per 100 cc, 80C; very soluble in dilute acid; insoluble in alcohol
Section3= Chembox Hazards
MainHazards=
FlashPt=
Autoignition=

Struvite is an ammonium magnesium phosphate mineral with formula: ((NH4)MgPO4·6H2O).

Chemical properties

Struvite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as white to yellowish or brownish-white pyramidal crystals or in platey mica-like forms. It is a soft mineral with Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and has a low specific gravity of 1.711. It is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline conditions, but readily soluble in acid.

Name

Struvite was first described from medieval sewer systems in Hamburg Germany in 1845 and named for geographer and geologist Heinrich Christian Gottfried von Struve (1772-1851).

Occurrence

Struvite is occasionally found in canned seafood, where its appearance is that of small glass slivers, objectionable to consumers for aesthetic reasons but of no health consequence. It is also a problem in sewage and waste water treatment, particularly after anaerobic digesters release ammonium and phosphate from waste material, as it forms a scale on lines and clogs system pipes. Recovery of phosphorus from wastestreams as struvite and recycling those nutrients into agriculture as fertilizer appears promising, particularly in agricultural manure and municipal wastewater treatment plants. Use as an agricultural fertilizer was in fact first described in 1857.

truvite kidney stones

Struvite occurs as crystallites in urine and as a type of kidney stone (urolith) that is caused by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values. Urea-splitting organisms include "Proteus", "Pseudomonas", "Klebsiella", "Staphylococcus", and "Mycoplasma". Accumulation of struvite crystals in the bladder is a problem frequently seen in housecats, with symptoms including difficulty urinating (which may be mistaken for constipation) or blood in the urine; surgery may be required to remove the crystals. A large struvite stone may be referred to as a "staghorn calculus" because it takes the shape of the renal pelvis, suggestive of a deer's antler.

References

* [http://www.mindat.org/min-3811.html Mindat w/ localities]
* [http://webmineral.com/data/Struvite.shtml Webmineral]
* [http://www.shilohgtf.com/Uroliths.htm Uroliths]
*http://wastemgmt.ag.utk.edu/ResearchProjects/struvite_2.htm Precipitation of struvite in waste management]

External links

* [http://www.phosphorus-recovery.tu-darmstadt.de Website of the Technische Universität Darmstadt and the CEEP about Phosphorus Recovery]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Struvite — Struv ite, n. [After the Russian minister Von Struve.] (Min.) A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • struvite — The hexahydrate of magnesium ammonium phosphate; found in some renal calculi. Cf.:bobierrite, newberyite. [H.C.G. von Struve, Russian diplomat + ite] * * * stru·vite strü .vīt n a hydrated magnesium containing mineral Mg(NH4)(PO4)·6H2O which is… …   Medical dictionary

  • struvite calculus — a urinary calculus composed of struvite, seen when the renal pelvis is infected with urea splitting bacteria such as Proteus. Called also infection stone …   Medical dictionary

  • struvite — crystals of calcium or magnesium ammonium phosphate found in canned and chilled or frozen smoked fish. Resembles pieces of broken glass but is harmless. Linked to the presence of magnesium chloride in unrefined salt used for making brine and to… …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • struvite — (stru vi t ) s. f. Substance minérale riche en phosphate ammoniaco magnésien, recherchée par les agronomes pour amender les terres …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

  • struvite — stru·vite …   English syllables

  • struvite — ˈstrüˌvīt noun ( s) Etymology: Swedish struveit, from H. C. G. von Struve died 1851 Russ. diplomat + Swedish it ite : a mineral Mg(NH4)(PO4).6H2O consisting of a hydrous ammonium magnesium phosphate and occurring in white orthorhombic hemimorphic …   Useful english dictionary

  • ammonium magnesium phosphate — struvite …   Medical dictionary

  • triple phosphate calculus — struvite c …   Medical dictionary

  • magnesium ammonium phosphate — struvite …   Medical dictionary

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