Henry Eyring

Infobox Scientist
box_width = 300px
name = Henry D. Eyring


image_size =
caption = Henry D. Eyring
birth_date = February 20, 1901
birth_place = city-state|Colonia Juárez|Chihuahua, Mexico
death_date = December 26, 1981
death_place = Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
residence = United States
citizenship =
nationality = American
ethnicity =
fields = Chemist
workplaces = Princeton University
University of Utah
alma_mater = University of Arizona
University of California, Berkeley
doctoral_advisor =
academic_advisors =
doctoral_students = Keith J. Laidler
notable_students =
known_for = Absolute Rate Theory
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
awards = Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1980)
National Medal of Science (1966)
religion = Mormonism


footnotes = He is the father of Henry B. Eyring.

Henry Eyring (February 20, 1901 in city-state|Colonia Juárez|Chihuahua – December 26, 1981 in Salt Lake City, Utah) was a Mexican-born American theoretical chemist whose primary contribution was in the study of chemical reaction rates and intermediates. A prolific writer, he authored more than 600 scientific articles, ten scientific books, and a few books on the subject of science and religion. He received the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 1980 and the National Medal of Science in 1966 for developing the Absolute Rate Theory of chemical reactions, one of the most important developments of 20th-century chemistry. Several other chemists later received the Nobel prize for work based on it, and his failure to receive the Nobel prize was a matter of surprise to many. [G.B. Kauffman; The Nobel Centennial 1901—2001; Chem. Educator 2001, 6, 370—384]

He was also elected president of the American Chemical Society in 1963 and the Association for the Advancement of Science in 1965.

History

Eyring was reared on a cattle ranch in Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, for the first 11 years of his life. In July 1912, the Eyrings and about 4,200 other immigrants were driven out of Mexico by violent insurgents during the Mexican Revolution and moved to El Paso, Texas. After living in El Paso for approximately one year, the Eyrings relocated to Pima, Arizona, where Henry completed high school and showed a special aptitude for mathematics and science. He also studied at Gila Academy in Thatcher, Arizona, now Eastern Arizona College, where one of the pillars at the front of the main building still bears his name, along with that of his brother-in-law, Spencer W. Kimball, later president and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

By 1919, Eyring had received a state fellowship to the University of Arizona, where he received degrees in mining engineering, metallurgy, and chemistry. He subsequently pursued and received his doctoral degree in Chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1927 for a thesis entitled: "A Comparison of the Ionization by, and Stopping Power for, Alpha Particles of Elements and Compounds."

After a review of his dissertation, Princeton University recruited Eyring as an instructor in 1931. He would continue his work at Princeton until 1946 [ [http://archives.aaas.org/people.php?p_id=169 AAAS - The World's Largest General Scientific Society ] ] when he was offered a position as dean of the graduate school at the University of Utah. The chemistry building on the university campus is now named in his honor.

He had three sons with his wife, Mildred Bennion. The oldest, Edward M. "Ted" Eyring is a chemistry professor at the University of Utah. Henry B. Eyring is the First Counselor in the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Harden B. Eyring, is a higher education administrator for the State of Utah.

Religious beliefs

Eyring was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints throughout his life. His views of science and religion were captured in this quote: "Is there any conflict between science and religion? There is no conflict in the mind of God, but often there is conflict in the minds of men."cite book |author=Eyring, Harden Romney; Eyring, Henry |title=Reflections of a scientist |publisher=Deseret Book Co |location=Salt Lake City |year=1983 |pages=2 |isbn=0-87747-944-5 |oclc= |doi=] Sterling McMurrin believed he should have received the Nobel Prize but was not awarded it because of his religion. ["Matters of Conscience: Conversations With Sterling M. McMurrin on Philosophy, Education, and Religion" by Sterling M. McMurrin & L. Jackson Newell, Signature Books, 1996]

As a member of the LDS Church, he served as a branch president, district president, and, for over twenty years, a member of the general board of the Deseret Sunday School Union.

Awards

* AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1932)
* Bingham Medal (1949) of the Society of Rheology
* Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry (1964)
* Langmuir prize (1967)
* Linus Pauling medal (1969)
* Cresson Award (1969)from the Frankin Institute
* T. W. Richards medal (1975)
* Priestley Medal (1975)
* Berzelius medal (1979)
* Wolf Prize (1980)
* Member of International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science

cientific publications: books

Henry Eyring authored, co-authored, or edited the following books or journals:
* A generalized theory of plasticity involving the virial theorem
* The activated complex in chemisorption and catalysis
* An examination into the origin, possible synthesis, and physical properties of diamonds
* "Annual Review of Physical Chemistry"
* Basic chemical kinetics
* "Deformation Kinetics" with Alexander Stephen Krausz
* "Electrochemistry"
* Kinetic evidence of phase structure
* "Modern Chemical Kinetics"
* Non-classical reaction kinetics
* "Physical Chemistry, an Advanced Treatise" (1970)
* "Quantum Chemistry"
* Reactions in condensed phases
* The significance of isotopic reactions in rate theory
* "Significant Liquid Structures"
* Some aspects of catalytic hydrogenation
* "Statistical Mechanics"
* "Statistical Mechanics and Dynamics"
* "Theoretical Chemistry: Advances and Perspectives. Volume 2"
* "The Theory of Rate Processes in Biology and Medicine" with Frank H. Johnson and Betsy Jones Stover
* "Theory of Optical Activity" ("Monographs on Chemistry" series) with D.J. Caldwell
* "Time and Change"
* "Valency"

Religious publications: books

* "Reflections of a Scientist" (1983)
* "The Faith of a Scientist". Bookcraft, Inc. (1967)
* "Science and your Faith in God". Bookcraft, Inc. (1958)

References

ee also

* Eyring equation
* - book about Henry Eyring.

External links

* [http://www.chem.utah.edu/pdf/dept_info/chem_dept_history.pdf The Chemistry Department:1946-2000] by Edward M. Eyring, April K. Heiselt, & Kelly Erickson (University of Utah)
* [http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/heyring.html Biography] from the National Academy of Sciences
* [http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/Portraits/PortraitsHH_Detail.asp?HH_LName=Eyring Mini-Biography] of Henry Eyring
* [http://archives.aaas.org/people.php?p_id=169 Biography] at the AAAS
* [http://db3-sql.staff.library.utah.edu/lucene/Manuscripts/null/Ms0477.xml/ScopeContent The Eyring papers]

Persondata
NAME = Eyring, Henry D
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Chemist specialized in kinetics
DATE OF BIRTH = 1901-02-20
PLACE OF BIRTH = Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
DATE OF DEATH = 1981-12-26
PLACE OF DEATH = Salt Lake City, Utah, United States