Max Steiner

Max Steiner
Born	Maximilian Raoul Steiner May 10, 1888(1888-05-10) Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)
Died	December 28, 1971(1971-12-28) (aged 83) Hollywood, California, USA
Occupation	composer, arranger, conductor

Max Steiner (May 10, 1888 – December 28, 1971) was an Austrian composer of music for theatre productions and films. He later became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Trained by the great classical music composers Brahms and Mahler, he was one of the first composers who primarily wrote music for motion pictures, and as such is often referred to as "the father of film music".^[1] Along with such composers as Franz Waxman, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Alfred Newman and Miklós Rózsa, Steiner played a major part in creating the tradition of writing music for films.

Steiner composed hundreds of film scores, including The Informer (1935), Now, Voyager (1942), and Since You Went Away (1944), which won him Academy Awards. He was nominated for the Academy Award a total of twenty four times. He was also the first recipient of the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, which he won for his score to Life with Father.

Steiner was one of the best-known composers in Hollywood, and is widely regarded today as one of the greatest film score composers in the history of cinema. He was a frequent collaborator with some of the most famous film directors in history, including John Ford and William Wyler. Besides his Oscar-winning scores, some of Steiner's popular works include King Kong (1933), Little Women (1933), Jezebel (1938), Casablanca (1942), and the film score for which he is possibly best known, Gone with the Wind (1939). Despite being one of the most popular film soundtracks ever written, Gone with the Wind failed to win an Oscar for him.

Early life

Max Steiner's birthplace in Vienna today, Praterstraße 72

Steiner was born as Maximilian Raoul Steiner in Austria-Hungary, in the Hotel Nordbahn (since 2008 Austria Classic Hotel Wien) on Praterstraße 72, in Vienna's Leopoldstadt.^[2] Steiner later claimed that he was given, and rejected, the name Walter, but there is no evidence of this in his birth register, held at the Jewish community of Vienna.^{[citation needed]} Later in life he purportedly discovered a half-brother named James Owen, with whom he co-wrote the song "Theme from A Summer Place". His paternal grandfather was Maximilian Steiner (1830–1880), the influential manager of Vienna's Theater an der Wien; his father was Gabor Steiner (1858–1944), Viennese impresario and carnival and exposition manager, responsible for the Ferris wheel in the Prater that would become the setting for a key scene of the film The Third Man (1949); his godfather was the composer Richard Strauss.

A child prodigy in composing, Steiner received piano instruction from Johannes Brahms and, at the age of sixteen, enrolled at the Imperial Academy of Music (now known as the University of Music and Performing Arts), where he was taught by Gustav Mahler among others. His musical aptitudes enabled him to complete the school's four-year program in only two. At the age of 16, Steiner wrote and conducted the operetta The Beautiful Greek Girl. At the start of World War I, he was working in London and was classified as an enemy alien but was befriended by the Duke of Westminster and given exit papers. He arrived in New York City in December 1914 with $32 to his name.^{[citation needed]}

Steiner worked in New York for eleven years as a musical director, arranger, orchestrator, and conductor of Broadway operettas and musicals written by Victor Herbert, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, and George Gershwin, among others. Steiner's credits include: George White's Scandals (1922), Lady, Be Good (1924), and Rosalie (1928).

In 1929, Steiner went to Hollywood to orchestrate the European film version of the Florenz Ziegfeld show Rio Rita for RKO. The score for King Kong (1933) made Steiner's reputation; it was one of the first American films to have an extensive musical score. He conducted the scores for several Fred Astaire-Ginger Rogers musicals, including Top Hat (1935) and Roberta (1935).

Movie career

Steiner's first screen credit was an as orchestrator for the score of the 1930 film Dixiana. His first credit as a composer came the following year, for Cimarron. He received his first two Oscar nominations for John Ford's 1934 film The Lost Patrol, and the same year for The Gay Divorcee. He won his first Oscar the following year the Ford's The Informer. At the time, the Oscar was awarded to the head of the studio music department, not the composer, although in this case that was Steiner anyway. The first person to win the award for Best Original Score as a composer was Erich Wolfgang Korngold, who won for his work on The Adventures of Robin Hood.

Steiner scored several films produced by RKO, the final of which was Follow the Fleet. He left RKO in 1936 and soon became the musical director of Selznick International Pictures.

In April 1937, he signed a long-term contract with Warner Bros., and the same year composed the famous fanfare which introduced pictures produced by the studio, although this is no longer in use (curiously, this was never used for the studio's television productions).

In 1939, Steiner was borrowed from Warner Bros. by David O Selznick to compose the score to Gone with the Wind. He was given only three months to compose a large amount of music for the film, whilst at the same time scoring We Are Not Alone, Dark Victory and Four Wives for Warner. Gone with the Wind and Dark Victory both earned him Academy Award nominations, however, he lost to the score of The Wizard of Oz by Herbert Stothart. Along with Clark Gable, Steiner was one of the few nominees for Gone with the Wind that did not win. Many feel that Steiner deserved the award. The score was ranked by the AFI as the second greatest American film score of all time.

Steiner received his next Oscar nomination for the 1940 film The Letter, his first of several collaborations with legendary director William Wyler. A further nomination followed the next year for Sergeant York. In 1942, Steiner won his second Oscar for Now, Voyager, and was also nominated for Casablanca, which remains one of his most famous scores. He received his third and final Oscar in 1944 for Since You Went Away.

Steiner's pace slowed significantly in the mid-1950s, and he began freelancing. In 1954, RCA Victor asked Steiner to prepare and conduct an orchestral suite of music from Gone with the Wind for a special LP, which was later issued on CD.^[3] There are also acetates of Steiner conducting the Warner Brothers studio orchestra in music from some of his film scores.

Steiner reunited with John Ford in 1956 to score The Searchers, widely considered the greatest western ever made. He returned to Warner-Bros in 1958 (although his contract ended in 1953) and scored several films, in addition to a rare venture into television composing a library of music for the fourth season of Hawaiian Eye.^[4] He continued to score films produced by Warner until the mid sixties.^[5]

Steiner's final original score was for the 1965 film Two on a Guillotine. He worked on over 300 films, sometimes as a composer, sometimes as an arranger/conductor, and often as both.

In 1963, Steiner began writing his autobiography, which, although completed, was never published, and is the source of a few biographical errors concerning this composer. A copy of the manuscript resides with the rest of the Max Steiner Collection at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.

Plaque for Steiner at his birthplace in Praterstraße 72, Vienna

Death

Steiner died of congestive heart failure in Hollywood, aged 83. He is entombed in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Posthumous

• After his death, Charles Gerhardt conducted the National Philharmonic Orchestra in an RCA Victor album of highlights from Steiner's career, titled Now Voyager. Additional selections of Steiner scores were included on other RCA classic film albums during the early 1970s. The quadraphonic recordings were later digitally remastered for Dolby surround sound and released on CD.
• In 1995, Steiner was inducted posthumously into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He has a star located at 1551 Vine Street on the Walk of Fame for his contribution to motion pictures.
• In commemoration of Steiner's 100th birthday a memorial plaque was revealed by Helmut Zilk, then Mayor of Vienna, in 1988 at Steiner's birthplace, the Hotel Nordbahn (now Austria Classic Hotel Wien) in Praterstraße 72.

AFI

The American Film Institute respectively ranked Steiner's scores for Gone with the Wind (1939) and King Kong (1933) #2 and #13 on their list of the 25 greatest film scores. His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list:

• Adventures of Don Juan (1948)
• Casablanca (1942)
• Dark Victory (1939)
• The Informer (1935)
• Jezebel (1938)
• Johnny Belinda (1948)
• Now, Voyager (1942)
• A Summer Place (1959)
• The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)

Additional filmography

• The Bondman (1929) (uncredited)
• Rio Rita (1929) (uncredited)
• The Case of Sergeant Grischa (1930) (uncredited)
• Dixiana (1930) (as Orchestrator - first screen credit)
• Cimarron (1931)
• What Price Hollywood? (1932)
• Bird of Paradise (1932)
• The Most Dangerous Game (1932)
• A Bill of Divorcement (1932)
• Thirteen Women (1932)
• The Half-Naked Truth (1932)
• The Animal Kingdom (1932)
• Christopher Strong (1933)
• Rafter Romance (1933)
• King Kong (1933)
• Son of Kong (1933)
• Little Women (1933)
• Morning Glory (1933)
• Flying Down to Rio (1933) (as Musical Director)
• The Lost Patrol (Academy Award nomination, 1934)
• Of Human Bondage (1934)
• The Fountain (1934)
• The Age of Innocence (1934)
• The Gay Divorcee (as Musical Director) (Academy Award nomination, 1934)
• Anne of Green Gables (1934)
• The Little Minister (1934)
• Roberta (1935) (as Musical Director)
• The Informer (1935) (Academy Award winner)
• She (1935)
• Top Hat (1935) (as Musical Director)
• The Three Musketeers (1935)
• Follow the Fleet (1936) (as Musical Director)
• Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936)
• The Garden of Allah (Academy Award nomination, 1936)
• The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936)
• A Star Is Born (1937)
• Kid Galahad (1937)
• Nothing Sacred (1937) with Oscar Levant and Alfred Newman
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) (uncredited)
• That Certain Woman (1937)
• The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
• Tovarich (1937) (first use of the Warner Bros. fanfare, composed by Steiner)
• Gold is Where You Find It (1938)
• The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938)
• Jezebel (Academy Award nomination, 1938)
• Crime School (1938)
• Four Daughters (1938)
• The Sisters (1938)
• Angels with Dirty Faces (1938)
• The Dawn Patrol (1938)
• The Oklahoma Kid (1939)
• Dodge City (1939)
• Dark Victory (Academy Award nomination, 1939)
• Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939)
• The Old Maid (1939)
• The Wizard of Oz (1939) (replaced by Herbert Stohart)
• Gone with the Wind (Academy Award nomination, 1939)
• Virginia City (1940)
• All This, and Heaven Too (1940)
• The Letter (Academy Award nomination, 1940)
• Santa Fe Trail (1940)
• City for Conquest (1940)
• Shining Victory (1941)
• They Died with Their Boots On (1941)
• Sergeant York (Academy Award nomination, 1941)
• Casablanca (Academy Award nomination, 1942)
• Now, Voyager (1942) (Academy Award winner)
• Captains of the Clouds (1942)
• Since You Went Away (1944) (Academy Award winner)
• The Adventures of Mark Twain (Academy Award nomination, 1944)
• Mildred Pierce (1945)
• Rhapsody in Blue (Academy Award nomination, shared with Ray Heindorf, 1945)
• A Stolen Life (1946)
• The Big Sleep (1946)
• Night and Day (Academy Award nomination, shared with Ray Heindorf, 1946)
• The Unfaithful (1947 film)
• Life with Father (Academy Award nomination, 1947)
• My Wild Irish Rose (Academy Award nomination, shared with Ray Heindorf, 1947)
• The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
• Key Largo (1948)
• Winter Meeting (1948)
• Johnny Belinda (Academy Award nomination, 1948)
• The Lady Takes a Sailor (1949)
• Beyond the Forest (Academy Award nomination, 1949)
• The Fountainhead (1949)
• The Flame and the Arrow (Academy Award nomination, 1950)
• The Glass Menagerie (1950)
• Jim Thorpe -- All-American (1951)
• Operation Pacific (1951)
• The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima (Academy Award nomination, 1952)
• The Jazz Singer (Academy Award nomination, shared with Ray Heindorf, 1953)
• So Big (1953)
• The Charge at Feather River
• The Caine Mutiny (Academy Award nomination, 1954)
• Battle Cry (Academy Award nomination, 1955)
• The Last Command (1955)
• The Searchers (1956)
• Death of a Scoundrel (1956)
• Band of Angels (1957)
• A Summer Place (1959) (Theme U.S.#1 Hit Single)
• The FBI Story (1959)
• The Dark at the Top of the Stairs (1960)
• Ice Palace (1960)
• Parrish (1961)
• Spencer's Mountain (1963)
• Youngblood Hawke (1964)
• A Distant Trumpet (1964)
• Two on a Guillotine (1965)
• Those Calloways (1965)

Notes

1. ^ Posted by sdtom (2008-02-13). "Max Steiner " Film Music: The Neglected Art". Sdtom.wordpress.com. http://sdtom.wordpress.com/2008/02/13/max-steiner/. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 
2. ^ Austria Classic Hotel Wien – a Viennese hotel with hospitality tradition since 1825
3. ^ Soundtrack details - SoundtrackCollector.com
4. ^ Burlingame, Jon, TV's Biggest Hits: The Story Of Television Themes From Dragnet To Friends, pp. 42-43, Schirmer Books, 1996, ISBN 0-02-870324-3
5. ^ Max Steiner - IMDb

Susan Slade 1961 Rome Adventure 1962

External links

• Max Steiner at the Internet Movie Database
• Max Steiner at the Internet Broadway Database
• Max Steiner at AmericanComposers.com
• Max Steiner at Find a Grave

Multimedia links

• "Max Steiner - Father of Film Music", film documentary trailer
• "Max Steiner - Greatest Hits", compilation by Beny Debny
• Score to King Kong (1933)
• Score to The Garden of Allah (1936)
• Score to The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
• Score to Gone With the Wind (1939)
• "Gone With the Wind" theme to Ice Dancing
• Score to All This and Heaven Too (1940)
• Score to Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1940)
• Score to City for Conquest (1940)
• "Score to Cassablanca (1942)
• Score to Now Voyager (1942) performed at Hollywood Bowl, 2006
• Score to Mildred Pierce (1945)
• Score to The Big Sleep (1946)
• "Score to Johnny Belinda (1948)
• Score to Key Largo (1948)
• Score to Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
• Score to The Lady Takes a Sailor (1949)
• Score to Operation Pacific (1951)
• Score to The Last Command (1955)
• Score to The Searchers (1956)
• Score to Helen of Troy (1956)
• Score to Band of Angels (1957)
• Theme from A Summer Place (1959) Selections from A Summer Place

Persondata
Name	Steiner, Max
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	May 10, 1888
Place of birth	Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Date of death	December 28, 1971
Place of death	Hollywood, California, USA