Ellison Onizuka

Infobox Astronaut
name =Ellison Shoji Onizuka


type =NASA Astronaut
status =Killed during mission
nationality =American
date_birth =birth date|1946|06|24
date_death =death date and age|1986|01|28|1946|06|24
place_birth =Keopu, Hawaii
place_death =Cape Canaveral, Florida
occupation =Research Engineer
rank =Lieutenant Colonel, USAF
selection =1978 NASA Group
time =3d 01h 33m
mission =STS-51-C, STS-51-L
insignia =|

Ellison Shoji Onizuka (June 24, 1946 - January 28, 1986) was a Japanese-American astronaut from Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii who died during the destruction of the Space Shuttle "Challenger", where he was serving as Mission Specialist for mission STS-51-L.

Early life

Ellison Onizuka was the oldest son and second youngest child of the late Masamitsu and Mitsue Onizuka. He had two older sisters, Shirley and Norma, and a younger brother, Claude. Claude became the family spokesman when Ellison attained fame as an astronaut and continued after the Challenger accident. Growing up, Ellison was an active participant in 4-H and the Boy Scouts, where he reached the level of Eagle Scout.cite book | last = Townley | first = Alvin | authorlink = | coauthors = | origdate= 2006-12-26 |url= http://www.thomasdunnebooks.com/TD_TitleDetail.aspx?ISBN=0312366531| title = Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts | publisher = St. Martin's Press| location = New York | pages =p. 79| id = ISBN 0-312-36653-1 |accessdate= 2006-12-29]

He graduated from Konawaena High School in Kealakekua in 1964. He received a Bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering in June 1969, and a Master's in that field in December of the same year, from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He participated in Air Force ROTC during his time there and is an alumnus of Triangle Fraternity.

Onizuka married Lorna Leiko Yoshida on June 7, 1969, [cite web |url=http://www.bouldercounty.org/clerk/recording/search/icris.htm |title=iCRIS Record Search |publisher=Boulder County Recording Division |accessdate=2008-07-22] while completing his studies at the University of Colorado. They had two daughters, Zoe Spears (b. 1969) and Darien Lei Shizue (b. 1975).

Air Force career

On January 15, 1970, Onizuka entered active duty with the United States Air Force,cite web |url=http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8750&enc=1 |title=National Cemetery Administration. U.S. Veterans Gravesites, ca.1775-2006 |location=Provo, UT, USA |publisher=The Generations Network, Inc. |year=2006] where he served as a flight test engineer and as a test pilot. At the Sacramento Air Logistics Center at McClellan Air Force Base, he worked in test flight programs and systems security engineering for the F-84, F-100, F-105, F-111, EC-121T, T-33, T-39, T-28, and A-1.

From August 1974 to July 1975, Onizuka attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. In July 1975, he was assigned to the Test Flight Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California. He became a squadron test flight engineer at the Test Pilot School, and later worked as a manager for engineering support in the training resources division. His duties there were based on the instruction of courses and the management of the airship fleet (A-7, A-37, T-38, F-4, T-33, and NKC-135) being used for the Test Pilot School and Test Flight Center. Onizuka managed to register more than 1,700 flight hours.

NASA career

Onizuka was selected for the astronaut program in January 1978, and completed one year of evaluation and training in August 1979. Later, he worked in the experimentation team, Orbiter test team, and launch support crew at the Kennedy Space Center for the STS-1 and STS-2. At NASA, he worked on the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) test and revision software team. He also collaborated on other technical projects, for instance, as astronaut crew team coordinator.

His first space mission took place on January 24, 1985, with the Kennedy Space Center launch of mission STS 51-C on "Space Shuttle Discovery", the first space shuttle mission for the Department of Defense. Onizuka was accompanied by the commander Ken Mattingly, pilot Loren Shriver, fellow mission specialist James Buchli, and payload specialist Gary E. Payton. During the mission, Onizuka was responsible for the activities of the primary payloads, which included the unfolding of the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) surface. After 48 orbits around the Earth, "Discovery" landed at the Kennedy Space Center on January 27, 1985. Onizuka had completed a total of 74 hours in space.

Onizuka was assigned to the mission STS 51-L on the "

Ellison was buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii.

At the time of his death, Onizuka held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Posthumously, Onizuka was promoted to the rank of Colonel.

Memberships and distinctions

Onizuka belonged to the following organizations: Society of Flight Test Engineers, the Air Force Association, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Tau, Arnold Air Society, and Triangle Fraternity.

Among his distinctions are the Air Force Medallion of Merit, Air Force Service Medallion, Air Force Organizational Excellence Award, and National Defense Service Medal. He was awarded the Purple Heart medal after the accident.

Legacy

Onizuka Air Force Station in Sunnyvale, California, Onizuka Center for International Astronomy Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Onizuka Village family housing on Hickam Air Force Base and the Astronaut Ellison S. Onizuka Space Center, http://www.onizukaspacecenter.org at Kona International Airport in Hawaii are dedicated to him.

Two astronomical features were also named after him: an asteroid discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on February 8, 1984, 3355 Onizuka and a 29 km diameter crater on the moon, Onizuka Crater. Little Tokyo in Los Angeles, California also has a street named after him, as does the street surrounding Whitcomb Elementary in Clear Lake City, Houston, Texas, where his daughters attended school at the time of the Challenger disaster.

Triangle Fraternity has the Ellison Onizuka Young Alumnus Award in tribute to him.

Page 28 (Page X of additional page inserts) of every new U.S. passport contains this quote:

"Every generation has the obligation to free men's minds for a look at new worlds... to look out from a higher plateau than the last generation." - Ellison S. Onizuka

In Movies/TV

* Onizuka was portrayed by Keone Young in the 1990 TV movie "Challenger".
* In "", a shuttlecraft carried aboard the starship Enterprise bears his name, as seen in the three episodes "The Ensigns of Command", "The Mind's Eye" and

References

*This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of July 8, 2005.

External links

* [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/onizuka.html Official NASA Bio]
* [http://www.challenger.org/about/onizuka.cfm Challenger Center bio]
* [http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/vis/onizuka.html Mauna Kea visitor information station]
* [http://www.amfcse.org/honor/onizuka.htm Astronaut Memorial Foundation website]
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