Polyene antimycotic

Polyene antimycotics, sometimes referred to as polyene antibiotics, are a class of antimicrobial polyene compounds that target fungi. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and natamycin are examples of polyene antimycotics. Their chemical structures feature a large ring of atoms (essentially a cyclic ester ring) containing multiple conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds (hence "polyene") on one side of the ring and multiple hydroxyl groups bonded to the other side of the ring. Their structures also often have a "d"-mycosamine (a type of amino-glycoside) group bonded to the molecule. [ [http://content.febsjournal.org/cgi/content/full/269/18/4533 Solution NMR structure of five representative glycosylated polyene macrolide antibiotics] ] The series of conjugated double bonds typically absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, often resulting in the polyene antibiotics having a yellow color.

These polyene antimycotics are typically obtained from some species of "Streptomyces" bacteria. The polyenes bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and promote leakiness which may contribute to fungal cell death.

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