Ratnapura

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Ratnapuara


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subdivision_type = District
subdivision_name = Ratnapura District
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population_as_of = 2001 [http://www.citypopulation.de/SriLanka.html Census July 17, 2001 (via citypopulation.de)] ]
population_total = 46,183
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timezone = Sri Lanka Standard Time Zone
utc_offset = +5:30
timezone_DST = Summer time
utc_offset_DST = +6
latd=6 |latm=40 |lats=00 |latNS=N |longd=80 |longm=24 |longs=00 |longEW=E
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Ratnapura (රත්නපුර in Sinhala; இரத்தினபுரி in Tamil) ("City of Gems" in Sinhala and Tamil) is the name of the provincial capital of Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka and the Ratnapura District in which the town is situated. Some say the modern name is derived from the Portuguese name Rapadura for jaggery, the palm candy produced traditionally in this region, but the more common explanation in Sri Lanka is that it comes from the Sinhala "ratna" meaning gems and "pura" meaning city. [Ariyaratna, D. H., President of the Sri Lanka Gem Association of the UK, Gems of Sri Lanka, 6th revised edition, 2006, self-published, p. 31.] Ratnapura is also spelled as Rathnapura. Located some 101 km south east of Colombo, it is the centre of a long-established industry of precious stone mining including rubies, sapphires, and other gems. Apart from gem mining, the town is known for rice and fruit cultivations. Large plantations of tea and rubber surround the town. Tea grown in this region is called low-country tea. There is a well-established tourism industry in Ratnapura. Sinharaja rain forest, Uda Walawe National Park, Kitulgala, and Sri pada are especially popular among tourists. In 1901, the town of Ratnapura had a population of 4,084, and in 2001, it had increased to 46,309. The population of the Ratnapura district was 1,008,164 in 2001, and this consisted of 86.42% Buddhists and 9.88% Hindus, with the rest of the population being Christians and Muslims.

Political

The town is ruled by a municipal council headed by a mayor. The council is elected by popular vote and has 15 seats. There were 29159 registered voters in the 2006 local authorities elections.Health Ratnapura provincial hospital is the largest hospital in the Sabaragamuwa province Which is equipped with two surgical units two medical units ,an orthopedic unit,two gyn and obs units two paediatrics units an ENT unit,An neurology unit,A rheumatology unit,a dermatology unit,Psychiatric unit and a cardiology unit.It also a post graduate training center.

Economy

Gem trade

The of the town depends on the gem trade. Gem pits are a common site in the surrounding area. Most of the large-scale gem businessmen of Sri Lanka operate from Ratnapura. There are considerable numbers of foreign gem traders in town too. Among the foreign traders, Thai (Thailand) traders are in the majority. Every day, large number of traders from suburbs and other towns gather in the town centre to sell or buy gemstones. Large-scale merchants collect gemstones from locals and sell them in the international market. Some traders go out of the city to buy gems. This includes neighboring towns like Kalawana, Bogawantalawa, and Ela-era. After the discovery of world-class alluvial sapphire deposits in the valley of Ilakaka in Madagascar, many Ratnapura merchants travel out of the country to Madagascar to buy gems.

Agriculture

The town's agricultural industry is also well developed. Large plantations of tea and rubber surround the town. Although rice fields also used to be a common sight around the town, rice cultivation presently faces an uncertain future in Ratnapura because many farmers are giving up their rice cultivation and switching to gem mining which is a more productive way of earning money. If many farmers give up on agriculture, it would be harder for farmers to harvest enough food for them and to trade in the markets. Many delicious fruits like mango and papaya) and vegetables are grown as market products.

Transport

Ratnapura is located in the A4 Highway which connects capital Colombo to Kalmunai in the Eastern Province. Another Highway A8 connects the town with Panadura in the western coast of Sri Lanka. During the British occupation of the Island, narrow gauge train track was laid in 1912 connecting Colombo - Avissawella - Ratnapura - Opanayake however line Avissawella onwards removed in 1976. Thus reducing the mode of transportation to road.In 2006, construction started on a new broad gauge railway line to Awissawella only.

Ratnapura is located in the south-western part of Sri Lanka, the so-called wet zone. The town receives rainfall mainly from south-western monsoons from May to September. During the remaining months of the year, there is also considerable precipitaion due to convective rains. The average annual precipitation is about 4,000 to 5,000 mm. The average temperature varies from 24 to 35 °C, and there are high humidity levels.The city is above 21m from sea level.
"Source: [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract_2006/Tables/Chap%201/AB1-3.pdf temperature] , [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract_2006/Tables/Chap%201/AB1-6.pdf rainfall] "

Floods

The town of Ratnapura is situated in the flooding plain of the river Kalu. The town experiences regular floods usually in the month of May. There is no large dam across the Kalu, so this leaves the city at the mercy of nature's forces every year. Several proposals have been made to reduce the flood risk in the town, but none has reached the feasibility stage. In May 2003, the town experienced the largest flood since the independence of Sri Lanka from Britain in 1947.

Places of worship

There are many places of worship in and around the city. Buddhist places of worship are more in number, which is to be expected since Buddhists constitute the great majority in the area. Nevertheless, there are plenty of places of worship in the town related to other religions. The following are some important examples:

* Maha Saman Devala (Buddhist)
* Delgamu Viharaya (Buddhist)
* Pothgul Viharaya (Buddhist)
* SS Peterand Paul's Cathedral (Catholic Church)
* St. Luke's Church(Church of England)
* Siva Temple (Hindu)
* Jumma Mosque (Islam)
* Diva Guhava (Buddhist)

Maha Saman Devala

This is a shrine dedicated to the god Saman. The god Saman is (a Buddhist deity) considered to be the guardian of Ratnapura. When the Portuguese captured Ratnapura, the ancient shrine that stood at this location was destroyed and a Portuguese church was constructed on top of it. When the Kandyan kingdom recaptured Ratnapura, the Portuguese church was destroyed and the shrine was rebuilt. Although there is no direct evidence to support the existence of the old shrine, indirect evidence supports the existence of a shrine that looked like a Hindu temple at the current location before Portuguese times. Currently this shrine is a very important place of worship for Buddhists.

Peter-Paul Church

The history of Catholics in Ratnapura begins with Portuguese rule in Ratnapura. Very few Catholics lived in the town in the 17th century. Many of them are the descendants of Portuguese and locals that they married. There is evidence to suggest that the Portuguese built a church on top of a destroyed Buddhist / Hindu temple. That Portuguese church was destroyed when the Kandyan kingdom recaptured Ratnapura from the Portuguese. The current church was built in a different location along the Main Street of Ratnapura (inside the town). The Church building being used now is said to be inspired by Blessed Joseph Vaz the Apostle of Ceylon during the 17th century when he visited Ratnapura as a part of his apostolic mission to Sabaragamuwa. After Sabaragamuwa became a diocese on 2 November 1995 SS. Peter-Paul's Church was raised to the status of the Cathedral of the diocese.

Diva Guhava

A cave temple, believes to be that the place Buddha had rest while visitingSri Pada (Adam's peak) with his 500 priests, as in Mahavamsa one of the nine places Buddha had visited during his third visit to the Sri Lanka.Spectacular view of Samanala Kanda (mountain of Sri Pada) and size of the cave (able to shelter over 500 people at once) lead widely acceptance as Diva Guhawa.About 5 km off from Kuruwita town (10 km towards to Colombo from Ratnapura) on Erathna road, one of the ancient road to Sri Pada, direct to Diva Guhawa.

Place to visit

Waterfalls

Bopath EllaSituated at Kuruvita, few miles away from Colombo Ratnapura high level road and very easy access via a vehicles. Both waterfalls attract visitors from all over the country to Ratnapura. You are allow to bath in this waterfall, but warning for flash flood may appear in a matter of minutes. Despite its danger the beauty of this place is a gem to ratnapura. You have to turn to left at Higgassena close to Kuruwita from the main Ccolombo - Ratnapura road go about 2 KM. The fall is like a boo leaf that gives it name.

Katugas Ella

A popular water fall among locals, situated at Mahawalawatta, 3km away from Ratnapura town.

Kirindi Ella

The seventh highest waterfall in Sri Lanka. Situated 4 km away from Ratnapura - Pelmadulla Main road from Pelmadulla town.

Rajanawa

Situated next to Ratnapura Kalawana main road in Marapana village, this beautiful seenary been captured in few famous Sinhala films.

Gem Mines

There are many gem mines around the area, especially in paddy fields on lower ground, which are deep around 10m to 50m.

Portable hand operating tools use for mining process such as shovel, picks, pans (specially made from bamboo) and cradles. Once soil lifts out from the mine, with the use of water, the dirt and mud wash out using pans and thus if there any gemstone, which heavier than normal stones, remains at the bottom of the pan as mud wash away.

Local heroes

Ehelepola Nilame

In the time of the Last king of Sri Lanka "Sri Vikrama Rajasinha", Ehelepola Nilame was sent to Ratnapura to build a water canal to support local rice farms. The works of this hero are still visible around the Ratnapura area and local people benefiting from his works even today.His house which is situated in the middle of Ratnapura city is now being used as the Local museum building.

Maps

* [http://www.liccavi-earth.com/Liccavi/Search.aspx?lat=6.68220&lon=80.40281&zoom=10 Detailed map of Ratnapura and Sri Lanka]

References

* [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/population/ds_div/t001b.htm Statistics of 2001 Census of Sri lanka]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dratn.html Catholic Diocese of Ratnapura]
* [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/five_per/ratnapura.pdf#search='ratnapura': Statistics of 2001 Census of Sri lanka]
* [http://www.slelections.gov.lk/index.html Department of elections Sri Lanka]
* [http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/43486.html: Weather Forcast Ratnapura]
* [http://sripada.org/saman-devale.htm: Maha Saman Devale, Ratnapura]
* [http://www.lusotopie.sciencespobordeaux.fr/jayasuriya.pdf The Portuguese Cultural Imprint on Sri Lanka]
* [http://www.lankalibrary.com/geo/portu2.htm The Portuguese in Sri Lanka (1505-1658)]
* [http://www.gggems.com/ilakaka.htm Ilakaka, Madagascar, Geological data and history, sapphire rush]

External links

* [http://www.tourslanka.com/Ratnapura.htm Ratnapura The City of Gems]

Streets in Rathnapura:main street,cherch road,bandaranayaka mawatha