Charles Russell Lowell

Charles Russell Lowell, Jr.
Charles Russell Lowell
Born	January 2, 1835(1835-01-02) Boston, Massachusetts
Died	October 20, 1864(1864-10-20) (aged 29) Middletown, Virginia
Place of burial	Cambridge, Massachusetts
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Service/branch	Union Army
Years of service	1861 - 1864
Rank	Brigadier General
Battles/wars	American Civil War Peninsula Campaign Battle of Antietam Battle of Cedar Creek

Charles Russell Lowell, Jr. (January 2, 1835 – October 20, 1864) was a railroad executive, foundryman, and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek and was mourned by a number of leading generals. Lowell's life was first immortalized in a 1907 biography by Edward Waldo Emerson, son of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and more recently in a 2005 biography by Carol Bundy, a distant relative.

Early life

Lowell was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother, Anna Cabot Jackson Lowell, a daughter of Patrick Tracy Jackson, married Charles Russell Lowell, Sr., the eldest son of Unitarian Minister, Rev. Charles Lowell and brother of James Russell Lowell. She wrote verse and books on education. Lowell graduated as the valedictorian from Harvard College in 1854, and worked in an iron mill in Trenton, New Jersey, for a few months in 1855. He spent two years abroad, and from 1858 to 1860 was local treasurer of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. In 1860, he took charge of the Mount Savage Iron Works in Cumberland, Maryland.

Civil War

Lowell entered the Union Army in June 1861, and was commissioned as a captain in the 3rd U.S. Cavalry, transferring to the 6th U.S. Cavalry in August. He served as an aide-de-camp to Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan during the formation of the Army of the Potomac in the summer and fall of 1861 and continued at McClellan's side during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign and the Battle of Antietam.^[1]

In 1863 Lowell recruited and organized the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry, and on May 10 was appointed its colonel.^[2] During the winter of 1863–64, he was in charge of the outer defenses of Washington, D.C., and was engaged in repelling the raid by Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early that reached the outskirts of the capital.^[1]

During the Valley Campaigns of 1864, Lowell commanded a brigade of cavalry in Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt's division of the Cavalry Corps of Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's army. He distinguished himself at Third Winchester and took a leading role in the Confederate rout at Tom's Brook. He was mortally wounded during the Union counterattack at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864. general Sheridan interceded to ensure that he was promoted to brigadier general on that day. He died on the next day at Middletown, Virginia, at the age of 29. He is buried in the Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.^[1] Lowell was nominated as a brigadier general two days after his death. Since he was unable to sign his new commission after his death, Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton authorized an exception allowing the posthumous promotion to become official.^[3] Upon hearing of his death, Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer wept and Sheridan remarked "I do not think there was a quality which I could have added to Lowell. He was the perfection of a man and a soldier."^[4]

Josephine Shaw and Colonel Lowell in 1863

Grave of Charles Russell Lowell at Mount Auburn Cemetery

In October 1863, Lowell had married Josephine Shaw (1843–1905), a sister of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, one of his close friends. Her home when she was married was on Staten Island, and she became deeply interested in the social problems of New York City. She was a member of the State Charities Aid Society, and from 1876 to 1889 was a member of the New York State Board of Charities, being the first woman appointed to that board. She founded the Charity Organization Society of New York City in 1882, and wrote Public Relief and Private Charity (1884) and Industrial Arbitration and Conciliation (1893).

See also

	Biography portal
	United States Army portal
	American Civil War portal

• List of American Civil War generals
• List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War
• Massachusetts in the American Civil War

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Warner, pp. 284-85.
2. ^ Eicher, p. 355.
3. ^ Bundy, p. 478.
4. ^ Bundy, p. 501.

References

• Bundy, Carol, The Nature of Sacrifice: A Biography of Charles Russell Lowell, Jr., 1835–64, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, ISBN 0-374-12077-3.
• Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Emerson, Edward W. (ed.), Life and Letters of Charles Russell Lowell (Boston, 1907).
• Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1964, ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Lowell, Charles Russell". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Carol Bundy interview at Thoughtcast about her biography of Lowell, her great-great-great uncle
• Life and Letters of Charles Russell Lowell at Internet Archive and Google Books (scanned books original editions)
• "Charles Russell Lowell". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=4902. Retrieved 2008-11-23. 

Persondata
Name	Lowell, Charles Russell
Alternative names
Short description	Union Army general
Date of birth	January 2, 1835
Place of birth	Boston, Massachusetts
Date of death	October 20, 1864
Place of death	Middletown, Virginia