American Gods

Infobox Book |
name = American Gods
title_orig =
translator =


image_caption = Cover of first edition (hardcover)
author = Neil Gaiman
illustrator =
cover_artist =
country = United States
language = English
series =
subject =
genre = Fantasy novel
publisher = William Morrow
release_date = June 19, 2001
english_release_date =
media_type = Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
pages = 480 pp
isbn = ISBN 0-380-97365-0
preceded_by =
followed_by = Anansi Boys, "The Monarch of the Glen"

"American Gods" is a novel by Neil Gaiman. The novel is a blend of Americana, fantasy, and various strands of ancient and modern mythology, all centering on a mysterious and taciturn protagonist, Shadow. It is Gaiman's fourth prose novel, being preceded by "Good Omens" (a collaboration with Terry Pratchett), "Neverwhere", and "Stardust". Several of the themes touched upon in the book were previously glimpsed in "The Sandman" graphic novels, for which Gaiman may be best known.Fact|date=June 2008

The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States.

A signed and numbered limited edition has been released by Hill House Publishers. It is 12,000 words longer than the mass market editions and represents Neil Gaiman's preferred edition. This is the version now in print from Headline in the UK.Fact|date=June 2008

Gaiman's subsequent novel "Anansi Boys" was actually conceived before "American Gods", and shares a character, Mr. Nancy. It is not a sequel but could possibly be of the same fictional world. Although Anansi the spider god of African legend appears in both American Gods and Anansi Boys, implying a connection, one of Neil Gaiman's signature touches is the use of allusion, both to works by other authors and to mechanics and themes used in his own books. The novella, "Monarch of the Glen" (from the "Legends II" anthology, later collected in "Fragile Things"), continues Shadow's journeys. This latter story also features the characters of Mr. Alice and Mr. Smith, a pair of dubious men who also appeared in a Gaiman short story called "Keepsakes and Treasures", suggesting that this tale is a part of the "American Gods" universe as well.

On February 28, 2008, Gaiman announced on his journal that for one month, the complete text of "American Gods" would be available to the public on his publisher's website. [*cite news |last=Gaiman |first=Neil |url=http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2008/02/kids-free-book.html |title=Kids! Free! Book! |publisher=Neil Gaiman's Journal |date=2008-02-28 |accessdate=2008-02-29]

Plot summary

The book follows the adventures of ex-convict Shadow Moon, who is released from prison a few days early due to the death of his wife, Laura, in a car accident that also kills his best friend. Because his best friend, who was to give Shadow a job, has died, Shadow is hired by the mysterious "con man" Mr. Wednesday to act as an escort and bodyguard, and travels across America visiting Wednesday's colleagues and acquaintances. Gradually, it is revealed that Wednesday is an incarnation of Odin the All-Father (the word "Wednesday" is derived from "Odin's (Woden's) day"). Wednesday is recruiting American manifestations of the Old Gods of ancient mythology, whose powers have waned as their believers have decreased in number, to participate in an epic battle against the New American Gods, manifestations of modern life and technology (e.g., the internet, media, & modern means of transport).

Mythological characters prominently featured in the book include Odin, Loki, Czernobog, the Zorya, the Norns, Anansi, Eostre, Kali, Thoth, Anubis, Horus, and Bast. In addition to the numerous figures from real-world myths, a few characters from "The Sandman" and its spinoffs make brief cameos in the book. Other mythological characters featured in the novel are not divine, but are legendary or folk heroes, such as Johnny Appleseed. Shadow himself is implied to be Balder, which is confirmed in the follow-up novella, "Monarch of the Glen". The story also features, in its most erotic chapter, a succubus-like re-invention of the Queen of Sheba, who while posing as a prostitute literally swallows a man through her sexual organs. "Bilquis", as she is called here, is later killed by one of the New Gods. Sexuality as a rule plays a prominent part in the plot and subplots; Mr. Wednesday courts several young women on the journey across America, while Shadow is successfully seduced by a humanoid version of Bast. An exception to the association with sexuality is the Midnight Star of the Zorya, who gives Shadow the Moon but does not require a kiss in return.

When the New Gods murder Wednesday – thus galvanizing the Old Gods into action – Shadow obeys Wednesday's order by holding his vigil. This is accomplished by re-enacting the act performed by Odin of hanging from a "World Tree" while pierced by a spear. Shadow eventually dies and visits the land of the dead, where he is guided by Thoth and judged by Anubis. Eostre later brings him back to life, obeying orders that she does not fully understand. During the period between life and death, Shadow learns that he is Wednesday's son, conceived as part of the deity's plans.

At the climax of the story, Shadow reveals that America is bad "growing ground" for Gods – that the power of gods eventually wanes as long as they spend time in America. Wednesday's attempt to rally the gods is proved to be a deception, in that the deaths of gods on both sides of the war would restore some of Odin's powers. The leader of the New Gods is revealed to be Loki, who was secretly working with Odin to create the "sacrifice of gods". Odin would feed on the Gods' deaths, while Loki would feed on the chaos of the battle to empower himself. Shadow's information stops the battle in its tracks.

Shortly after the battle, Shadow follows a clue given him by Ganesh to discover that a man called Hinzelmann, who had sometime been Shadow's neighbor, is a kobold using secret murders to empower himself and prevent the town of Lakeside from succumbing to the economic decay that has claimed many similar towns. Shadow confronts Hinzelmann, who is then shot by a local police man whose father Hinzelmann had previously killed to keep his secret. The presence of Hinzelmann as a kobold refers to the book's premise that dwarves, elves, leprechauns, and other spirits are derived from earlier myths of gods, and that whoever brings a story to a land brings the characters with it. Shadow later sees his friend and supporter, the apparently bisexual Samantha/Sam Black Crow, walking on a street with a companion, but does not speak to her. He goes unnoticed by both girls, despite being not a foot away from Natalie, the girl she is walking with. Shadow hands her the white roses he had bought for her, and leaves; without either girl knowing how they got there. He thought about speaking to her, but noticed the eyes she looked at Natalie with, who was implied to be her girlfriend, and knew that she'd never look at him with those eyes; at least not that way.

Following this, Shadow visits Iceland, where he meets the original Odin, of whom Wednesday is an incarnation. He accuses Odin of Wednesday's actions, whereupon Odin replies that "He [Wednesday] was me, but I'm not him". Shadow gives Odin Wednesday's glass eye, which Odin places in a leather bag as a keepsake. Shadow gives him the eye using a slight of hand trick to make it appear as if the eye just dropped out of nowhere, amusing the All-Father. The man asks for another trick, so Shadow threw a golden coin, not a magic one like the one that reanimated his wife, into the air. Shadow does not know where the coin falls, or even if it did; for he had already left.

Various real-life towns and tourist attractions, including the House on the Rock (and its 'world's largest carousel') and Rock City, are featured through the course of the book. Gaiman states in an introduction that he has obscured the precise location of some actual locales.

According to Gaiman, "American Gods" is not based on Diana Wynne Jones's "Eight Days of Luke", "although they bear an odd relationship, like second cousins once removed or something". When working on the structure of a story linking gods and days of the week, he realised that this idea had already been used in "Eight Days of Luke". He abandoned the story, but later used the idea when writing "American Gods" to depict Wednesday and Shadow meeting on the god's namesake day. [*cite news |last=Gaiman |first=Neil |url=http://www.neilgaiman.com/exclusive/agblogarchive/2001_09 |title=Neil Gaiman - September 2001 |publisher=Neil Gaiman's Journal |date=2001-09-25 |accessdate=2007-01-03]

Website tie-in

While Gaiman was writing "American Gods", his publishers set up a promotional web site featuring a weblog in which Gaiman described the day-to-day process of writing, revising, publishing, and promoting the novel. After the novel was published, the web site evolved into a more general Official Neil Gaiman Web Site, and as of 2008 Gaiman still regularly adds to the weblog, describing the day-to-day process of being Neil Gaiman and writing, revising, publishing, or promoting his current project.

Awards

The book won the 2002 Hugo, Nebula, SFX Magazine Award and Bram Stoker awards, all for Best Novel, and likewise received nomination for the 2002 BSFA Award, World Fantasy Award, International Horror Guild Award and Mythopoeic Award. [cite web | url=http://www.awardannals.com/wiki/Honor_roll:Fiction_books | title=Honor roll:Fiction books | date=2007-08-16 | accessdate=2007-08-16 | work=Award Annals ] It won the 2004 Geffen Award.

= Gods and other characters of myth appearing in the novelOr|date=October 2008 =

* Aido-Hwedo
* Ainu
* Alvíss
* Ammet
* Anansi (Mr. Nancy)
* Anubis (Mr. Jacquel)
* Bacchus
* Balder (Shadow)
* Baraka
* Baron Samedi
* Bastet
* Brahma
* Bran
* Brownie
* Cthulhu
* Czernobog
* Dactyl
* Delirium of the EndlessOr|date=October 2008
* Elegba
* Eostre (Easter)
* Finn
* Frigg
* Ganesha
* Geri and Freki
* Gwydion
* Hershef
* Hopi
* Horus
* Hubur
* Huginn and Muninn
* Inktomi
* Ifrit (Arabic cab driver)
* Isis
* Isten of the Hungarians
* Jesus Christ
* Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman)
* Kali (Mama-ji)
* Kitsune
* Kobolds (Hinzelmann)
* Leprechaun (Mad Sweeney)
* Lady Liberty
* Loki (Low Key Lyesmith/ Mr. World)
* Leucotios
* Media ("not" Medea - Mr. Nancy, in the book, notes that she is not the same woman, but the story is the same, after Czernobog asks if Media was the woman who killed her children)
* Medusa
* Mithras
* the Morrigan
* Mound Folk
* Nut
* Odin (Mr. Wednesday)
* Papa Legba
* The Queen of Sheba (Bilquis)
* Quetzalcoatl
* Ra
* Rakshasas
* Set
* Shiva
* Buile Shuibhne (Mad Sweeney)
* Sūn Wùkōng, Zhū Bājiè, and Shā Wùjìng (unnamed, but recognizable in the great battle)Or|date=October 2008
* Thor
* Thoth (Mr. Ibis)
* Thunderbirds
* Urd
* Vishnu
* Wisakedjak (Whiskey Jack)
* Zaka
* Zombies
* Zorya

It should be noted however that although a number of characters in the novel are explicit and occasionally named examples of specific gods and mythical figures, many more are implied in vague or passing references that are open to interpretation. Even Gaiman himself has admitted in interview that he is unsure whether an ancillary character in San Francisco is in fact Delirium of the Endless as is widely accepted by his fans.Fact|date=July 2008 As such it is extremely difficult to form a comprehensive and wholly accurate list of all mythical figures in the novel.

Translations

*"Ameerika jumalad" (Estonian),
*"Amerykańscy bogowie" (Polish), ISBN 83-89004-10-0
*"Zei Americani" (Romanian), ISBN 973-733-070-6
*"אלים אמריקאים" (Elim Amerikaim) (Hebrew)
*"American Gods" (Italian), ISBN 88-04-52083-3
*"Deuses Americanos" (Portuguese)
*"Američtí bohové" (Czech), ISBN 80-85911-98-1
*"Unohdetut jumalat" ("Forgotten Gods") (Finnish), ISBN 951-1-18055-X
*"Amerikai Istenek" (Hungarian), ISBN 9639441538
*"American Gods" (Spanish), ISBN 84-8431-627-0
*"Američki Bogovi" (Croatian), ISBN 953-220-126-2
*"Američki Bogovi" (Serbian), ISBN 86-7436-039-4
*"Американские боги" (Russian), ISBN 5-17-019844-2
*"Amerikos Dievai" (Lithuanian), ISBN 9986-97-101-2
*"Amerikan Tanrıları" (Turkish), ISBN 9789751019042
*"American Gods" (German), ISBN 3-453-40037-2
*"Amerikanska Gudar" (Swedish), ISBN 91-3712-227-4
*"美國眾神" (Chinese), ISBN 978-986-7399-84-7
*"Ο Πόλεμος των Θεών (O Polemos ton Theon/War of the Gods)" (Greek)

References

*cite news |last=Gaiman |first=Neil |url=http://www.neilgaiman.com/journal/2007/03/more-mysteries-of-oracle.html |title=More Mysteries of the Oracle |publisher=Neil Gaiman's Journal |date=2007-03-01 |accessdate=2007-01-03

External links

* [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780060558123&WT.mc_id=author_AmerGods_FullAccess_022208 Full text of "American Gods" from the publisher, HarperCollins, available for one month starting in late February 2008]
*" [http://www.frowl.org/gods/gods.html only the gods are real] ", a listing of all the gods and mythical beings featured in "American Gods"
*" [http://www.awardannals.com/wiki/Honor_roll:Fantasy_books Most honored fantasy book list] ": "American Gods" ranks at the top
*" [http://www.isfdb.org/top100.html Internet Speculative Fiction Database - Top 100 lists] ": "American Gods" ranks second on the 'Balanced' and 'Popular' lists, and third on the 'Critical' list
* [http://www.rambles.net/gaiman_amgods.html Review by Tom Knapp]