Interleukin 9

Interleukin 9, also known as IL9, is a cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3578| accessdate = ]

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summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3578| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Renauld JC, Houssiau F, Louahed J, "et al." |title=Interleukin-9. |journal=Adv. Immunol. |volume=54 |issue= |pages= 79–97 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8379467 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Knoops L, Renauld JC |title=IL-9 and its receptor: from signal transduction to tumorigenesis. |journal=Growth Factors |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 207–15 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15621723 |doi= 10.1080/08977190410001720879
*cite journal | author=Modi WS, Pollock DD, Mock BA, "et al." |title=Regional localization of the human glutaminase (GLS) and interleukin-9 (IL9) genes by in situ hybridization. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=57 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 114–6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1680606 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kelleher K, Bean K, Clark SC, "et al." |title=Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells. |journal=Blood |volume=77 |issue= 7 |pages= 1436–41 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1901233 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Holbrook ST, Ohls RK, Schibler KR, "et al." |title=Effect of interleukin-9 on clonogenic maturation and cell-cycle status of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitors. |journal=Blood |volume=77 |issue= 10 |pages= 2129–34 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1903074 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Merz H, Houssiau FA, Orscheschek K, "et al." |title=Interleukin-9 expression in human malignant lymphomas: unique association with Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma. |journal=Blood |volume=78 |issue= 5 |pages= 1311–7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1908723 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, "et al." |title=Human P40/IL-9. Expression in activated CD4+ T cells, genomic organization, and comparison with the mouse gene. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=144 |issue= 11 |pages= 4235–41 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1971295 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, "et al." |title=Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40. |journal=Cytokine |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 9–12 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2129501 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yang YC, Ricciardi S, Ciarletta A, "et al." |title=Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor P40. |journal=Blood |volume=74 |issue= 6 |pages= 1880–4 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2508790 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Yin T, Keller SR, Quelle FW, "et al." |title=Interleukin-9 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 via JAK tyrosine kinases. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 35 |pages= 20497–502 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7544789 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Postma DS, Bleecker ER, Amelung PJ, "et al." |title=Genetic susceptibility to asthma--bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=333 |issue= 14 |pages= 894–900 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7666875 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Le Beau MM, Espinosa R, Neuman WL, "et al." |title=Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 12 |pages= 5484–8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8516290 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Demoulin JB, Uyttenhove C, Van Roost E, "et al." |title=A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 9 |pages= 4710–6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8756628 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Ewart SL, "et al." |title=Interleukin 9: a candidate gene for asthma. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=94 |issue= 24 |pages= 13175–80 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9371819 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Demoulin JB, Van Roost E, Stevens M, "et al." |title=Distinct roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin-9. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 36 |pages= 25855–61 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10464327 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lejeune D, Demoulin JB, Renauld JC |title=Interleukin 9 induces expression of three cytokine signal inhibitors: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-2 and SOCS-3, but only SOCS-3 overexpression suppresses interleukin 9 signalling. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=353 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 109–116 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11115404 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM |title=Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial cells. |journal=Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. |volume=25 |issue= 3 |pages= 347–52 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11588013 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Toda M, Tulic MK, Levitt RC, Hamid Q |title=A calcium-activated chloride channel (HCLCA1) is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=109 |issue= 2 |pages= 246–50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11842292 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Pilette C, Ouadrhiri Y, Van Snick J, "et al." |title=IL-9 inhibits oxidative burst and TNF-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes through TGF-beta. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=168 |issue= 8 |pages= 4103–11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11937570 |doi=

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