List of communities in Alberta

List of communities in Alberta
Distribution of town and cities in Alberta.
Rural and specialized municipalities of Alberta

The Province of Alberta, Canada, is divided into 10 different types of municipalities – urban municipalities (including cities, towns, villages and summer villages), specialized municipalities, rural municipalities (including municipal districts/counties, improvement districts and special areas), Métis settlements, and Indian reserves. All types of municipalities are governed by local residents and were incorporated under various provincial acts, with the exception of improvement districts (governed by either the provincial or federal government), and Indian reserves (governed by local First Nations people under federal jurisdiction).

Alberta also has numerous unincorporated communities (including urban services areas, hamlets and a townsite) that are not independent municipalities in their own right. However, they are all recognized as sub-municipal entities by Alberta Municipal Affairs under the jurisdiction of specialized municipalities or rural municipalities, with the exception of the lone townsite (its jurisdiction is shared with an Indian reserve that surrounds it).

With the exception of Métis settlements, Statistics Canada recognizes all of Alberta’s municipalities as census subdivisions and groups them into 19 census divisions based on geography. Within census divisions, Statistics Canada groups some of Alberta’s municipalities/census subdivisions into two census metropolitan areas (CMAs) or 12 census agglomerations (CAs) for enumeration purposes. All CMAs include large urban centres and surrounding census subdivisions. All CAs also include large urban centres and in some cases their surrounding census subdivisions.

With the exception of Indian reserves, the administration of municipalities in Alberta is regulated by the Municipal Government Act,[1] the Special Areas Act[2] and the Metis Settlements Act.[3]

As of 2009, the combined unofficial population of all of Alberta’s municipalities was 3,584,648. [4]

Contents

Urban municipalities

Cities

Main article: List of cities in Alberta

According to Section 82 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), an area may incorporate as a city if:

  • it has a population of 10,000 people or more; and
  • the majority of its buildings are on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m².[1]

Essentially, cities are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 10,000 people.[5]

Alberta currently has a total of 16 cities with a combined population totalling 2,367,320 as of 2009.[4]

Notes:

  1. ^ a b Census metropolitan areas are formed around Calgary and Edmonton; census agglomerations are formed around Brooks,[8] Camrose,[9] Cold Lake,[10] Grande Prairie,[11] Lethbridge,[12] Lloydminster,[13] Medicine Hat,[14] Red Deer,[15] and Wetaskiwin.[16]
  2. ^ Includes 9,100 in the Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster.

Towns

Main article: List of towns in Alberta

According to Section 81 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), an area may incorporate as a town if:

  • it has a population of 1,000 people or more; and
  • the majority of its buildings are on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m².[1]

Essentially, towns are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 1,000 people. When a town's population exceeds 10,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a city, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.[5]

Communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain town status even if the number of residents falls below the 1,000 limit. Some of Alberta's towns have never reached a population of 1,000 people, but were incorporated as towns before the current requirement to have a population of 1,000 or more.

Alberta currently has a total of 109 towns, with a combined population totalling 446,791 as of 2009.[4]

Villages

Main article: List of villages in Alberta

According to Section 80 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), an area may incorporate as a village if:

  • it has a population of 300 people or more; and
  • the majority of its buildings are on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m².[1]

Essentially, villages are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 300 people. When a village's population exceeds 1,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a town, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.

Communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain village status even if the number of residents falls below the 300 limit. Some of Alberta's villages have never reached a population of 300 people, but were incorporated as villages before there was a requirement to have a population of 300 or more.

Alberta currently has a total of 95 villages, with a combined population totalling 39,347 as of 2009.[4] These numbers reflect the recent dissolution of the villages of Derwent and New Sarepta to hamlet status on September 1, 2010.[27][28]

Summer villages

Main article: List of summer villages in Alberta

According to former Section 79 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), a summer village is an area that:

  • has at least 60 parcels of land developed with dwelling buildings; and
  • has a population of less than 300 persons where the majority of the persons who would be electors do not permanently reside in that area.

As a result of Section 79 being repealed,[1] summer villages can no longer be formed in Alberta.[5]

Essentially, summer villages were once formed from urban communities with populations of less than 300 people and significant non-permanent populations. When a summer village's population exceeds 300 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a village, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.

Alberta currently has a total of 51 summer villages, with a combined population totalling 6,152 as of 2009.[4]

Specialized municipalities

Main article: Specialized municipalities of Alberta

According to Section 83 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), a municipality may incorporate as a specialized municipality under one of the following three scenarios:

  • where the Minister of Alberta Municipal Affairs (AMA) is satisfied that the other incorporated statuses under the MGA do not meet the needs of the municipality's residents;
  • to form a local government that, in the opinion of the Minister of AMA, will provide for the orderly development of the municipality in a similar fashion to the other incorporated statuses within the MGA; or
  • for any other circumstances that are deemed appropriate by the Minister of AMA.[1]

Essentially, specialized municipalities are municipalities that are unconventional in nature compared to other municipalities in Alberta, and they are incorporated under the authority of the existing MGA instead of relying on the creation of their own separate acts (i.e., the Special Areas Act[2] allowed the incorporation of Alberta's three special areas and the Metis Settlements Act[3] allowed the incorporation of Alberta's eight Métis settlements).[5]

Alberta's five specialized municipalities have a combined population totalling 198,444 as of 2009.[4]

Rural municipalities

Municipal districts (a.k.a counties)

Main article: List of municipal districts in Alberta

According to Section 78 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), a municipal district is an area in which:

  • the majority of the buildings used as dwellings are on parcels of land with an area of at least 1,850 m²; and
  • there is a population of 1,000 or more.[1]

Essentially, municipal districts are large rural areas in which their citizens reside on farms, country residential subdivisions or unincorporated communities (i.e., hamlet, localities and other settlements).[5]

In Alberta, the term county is synonymous with the term municipal district – it is not its own incorporated municipal status that is different than that of a municipal district. As such, Alberta Municipal Affairs provides municipal districts with the opportunity to brand themselves either as municipal districts or counties in their official names.

Of Alberta's 64 municipal districts, 46 of them brand themselves as counties. Over the past decade, Alberta has observed a trend of numerous municipal districts rebranding themselves as counties through official name changes. Some of the reasons why a municipal district would rebrand itself as a county include that the term county is: more recognizable by the general public; has a more modern and progressive appeal; and is more marketable from an economic development perspective.

The last municipal district (M.D.) to rebrand itself as a county was the M.D. of Northern Lights No. 22, which was renamed as the County of Northern Lights on February 3, 2010.[45]

Alberta's 64 municipal districts have a combined population totalling 446,848 as of 2009.[4]

Improvement districts

According to Section 581 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), Alberta's Lieutenant Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Municipal Affairs, may form an improvement district. Section 582 of the MGA requires that the order to form an improvement district must describe its boundaries and give it an official name.

Alberta currently has seven improvement districts. Five of them are located within national parks, while the remaining two are within provincial parks. The official names of the seven improvements districts, and the national or provincial parks they are within, are as follows:

Alberta's seven improvement districts have a combined population totalling 1,994 as of 2009.[4]

In September 2011, the Province of Alberta approved the future formation of a new improvement district named Improvement District No. 349.[50] It will be located north of the City of Cold Lake and will include the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range from Lac La Biche County and some adjacent lands further to the north from the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo.[51][52][50] The effective incorporation date of Improvement District No. 349 will be January 1, 2012.[50]

Special areas

Main article: Special Areas Board

Special areas are rural municipalities created in 1938 under the authority of the Special Areas Act.[2][5] A special area is not to be confused with a specialized municipality, which is a completely different municipal status.

Alberta's three special areas had a combined population totalling 4,729 in 2006.[4]

Unincorporated communities

Main article: List of unincorporated communities in Alberta

Urban service areas

An urban service area is a type of hamlet that is not officially defined under the Municipal Government Act (MGA). However, the Province of Alberta recognizes it as equivalent to a city for the purposes of program delivery and grant eligibility according to the Orders in Council that established the Regional Municipality (R.M.) of Wood Buffalo and Strathcona County as specialized municipalities.[59][60]

These Orders in Council (see Schedule 1, Section 7[59] and Schedule 1, Section 3[60] respectively) also state that:

  • the specialized municipalities shall provide to the Province of Alberta any information required to administer programs or to determine the amount of grants which would have been paid if the urban service areas were incorporated cities; and
  • for the purposes of enactments affecting roads, culverts, ditches, drains, and highways, the urban service areas are deemed to be cities.

Essentially, urban services areas meet the eligibility requirements of the MGA to incorporate as a city. As such, they are Alberta's largest hamlets.

There are currently two urban services areas in Alberta:

Fort McMurray, within the jurisdiction of the R.M. of Wood Buffalo, was formerly a city prior its amalgamation with Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995. It was designated an urban service area at the time of the amalgamation.[59]

Sherwood Park has always been an unincorporated community under the jurisdiction of Strathcona County. It became an urban service area when Strathcona County changed its status from a municipal district to a specialized municipality on January 1, 1996.[60]

Hamlets

Main article: List of hamlets in Alberta

According to Section 59 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), hamlets are unincorporated communities that:

  • consist of five or more buildings used as dwellings, a majority of which are on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m²;
  • have a generally accepted boundary and name; and
  • contain parcels of land that are used for non‑residential purposes.[1]

Further, Section 59 of the MGA provides the councils of municipal districts (or counties) and specialized municipalities the authority to designate unincorporated communities within its boundaries as hamlets.[1][5] Hamlets may also be designated within improvement districts and special areas by the Minister of Municipal Affairs pursuant to Section 590 of the MGA and Section 10 of the Special Areas Act respectively.[1][2]

When a hamlet's population reaches 300, it becomes eligible to incorporate as a village under Section 80 of the MGA, so long as the majority of the buildings are still on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m².[1] However, it is a modern-day rarity for a hamlet to incorporate as a village – Barnwell and Wabamun were the last two to do so both on January 1, 1980. It is much more common these days for villages to revert to hamlet status through the dissolution process instead.

There are currently 386 hamlets in Alberta, two of which are the urban services areas presented above.

Townsites

A townsite is a type of unincorporated community that is not officially defined under the Municipal Government Act (MGA), but it is generally regarded as an independent urban area within an Indian reserve that is comparable in population, land area, services, and built form, to that of Alberta's incorporated towns. Essentially, townsites would meet the eligibility requirements of the MGA to incorporate as a town if they were not located on Indian reserve lands under federal jurisdiction.

Redwood Meadows is Alberta's only townsite at this time and is located within the Tsuu T'ina Nation.

Métis settlements

Main article: Métis in Alberta

Métis settlements are rural areas inhabited by members of Alberta's Métis Nation that were established in 1936 under the Métis Population Betterment Act. The settlements provide an autonomous land base, allow better access to education, health and other social services, and provide economic development opportunities for Alberta's Métis Nation.[3] Métis settlements now operate under the authority of the Metis Settlements Act.[5]

Alberta currently has eight Métis settlements, all of which are located in the northern half of the province. The official names of the eight settlements, and the municipal districts they are within, are as follows:

*Areas generated from provincial Métis settlement boundary data.

Very small portions of the Gift Lake Métis Settlement and the Kikino Métis Settlement are also located within Northern Sunrise County and Lac La Biche County respectively.

Alberta's eight Métis settlements have a combined population totalling 7,990 as of 2009.[4]

Indian reserves

Main article: List of Indian reserves in Alberta

Reserves in Alberta cover a total area of 1,622,630 acres (6,566.6 km2) and range from 1,089 acres (4.41 km2) to 354,667 acres (1,435.29 km2) in size.[5] Under the British North America Act, legislative authority over Indian reserves is placed exclusively with the national parliament, specifically Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC). Local administration is placed with local native governments.

See also

AB
Canadian Provinces and Territories
Communities in Canada's provinces and territories

References

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  9. ^ Camrose CA[dead link]
  10. ^ Cold Lake CA[dead link]
  11. ^ Grande Prairie CA[dead link]
  12. ^ Lethbridge CA[dead link]
  13. ^ Lloydminster CA[dead link]
  14. ^ Medicine Hat CA[dead link]
  15. ^ Red Deer CA[dead link]
  16. ^ Wetaskiwin CA[dead link]
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  68. ^ a b Beaver County (2009). "Municipal Census Highlights". http://www.beaver.ab.ca/municipal/beaver/beaver-website.nsf/AllDoc/18C009BD52DFF1BB872576B40003E8CF/$File/Municipal_Census_Highlights.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
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  82. ^ Canada Indian and Northern Affairs - Alberta Indian Reserves
  83. ^ Statistics Canada - 2001 Census Aboriginal Population Profile

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