Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

Nicolas Louis Vauquelin
Born	16 May 1763(1763-05-16) Saint-André-d'Hébertot, Normandy Kingdom of France
Died	14 November 1829(1829-11-14) (aged 66) Saint-André-d'Hébertot, Normandy Kingdom of France
Nationality	French
Fields	Pharmacology Chemistry
Doctoral advisor	Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy
Doctoral students	Friedrich Stromeyer
Known for	beryllium chromium
Influenced	Mathieu Orfila

Nicolas Louis Vauquelin (16 May 1763 - 14 November 1829), was a French pharmacist and chemist.

Early life

Vauquelin was born at Saint-André-d'Hébertot in Normandy, France. His first acquaintance with chemistry was gained as laboratory assistant to an apothecary in Rouen (1777–1779), and after various vicissitudes he obtained an introduction to A.F. Fourcroy, in whose laboratory he was an assistant from 1783 to 1791.

Moving to Paris, he became a laboratory assistant at the Jardin du Roi and was befriended by a professor of chemistry. In 1791 he was made a member of the Academy of Sciences and from that time he helped to edit the journal Annales de Chimie (Chemical annals), although he left the country for a while during the height of the French Revolution. In 1798 Vauquelin discovered beryllium by extracting it from an emerald (a beryl variety) and reducing the beryllium chloride with potassium in a platinum crucible.^{[citation needed]}

Contributions to chemistry and discoverer of a chemical element

At first his work appeared as that of his master and patron, then in their joint names; in 1790 he began to publish on his own, and between that year and 1833 his name is associated with 376 papers. Most of these were simple records of patient and laborious analytical operations, and it is perhaps surprising that among all the substances he analysed he only detected two new elements, beryllium in 1798 in beryl and chromium in 1797 in a red lead ore from Siberia. He also managed to get liquid ammonia at atmospheric pressure.

Either together or successively he held the offices of inspector of mines, professor at the School of Mines and at the Polytechnic School, assayer of gold and silver articles, professor of chemistry in the College de France and at the Jardin des Plantes, member of the Council of Industry and Commerce, commissioner on the pharmacy laws, and finally professor of chemistry to the Medical Faculty, to which he succeeded on Fourcroy's death in 1809. His lectures, which were supplemented with practical laboratory teaching, were attended by many chemists who subsequently attained distinction.

Final achievements, days and legacy

From 1809 he was professor at the University of Paris. In 1816, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1828. In 1806, working with asparagus, he and Pierre Jean Robiquet (future discoverer of the famous red dye alizarin, then a young chemist and his assistant) isolated the amino acid asparagine, the first one to be discovered. He also discovered pectin and malic acid in apples, and isolated camphoric acid and quinic acid.

His death occurred while he was on a visit to his birthplace.

Among his best known works is "Manuel de l'essayeur" (Manual of the experimental).

The plant genus Vauquelinia is named in his honor, as is the Vauquelin, an egg white foam associated with molecular gastronomy, and the mineral vauquelinite, discovered at the same mine as the crocoite from which Vauquelin isolated chromium.

References

• "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829)". Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829). http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0035.html. Retrieved 3 September 2005. 
• "Catholic Encyclopedia: Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin". Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15315b.htm. Retrieved 3 September 2005. 
• "Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas". Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/V/Vauquelin/1.html. Retrieved 4 September 2005. 
• Kyle, R A; Shampo, M A (1989). "Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin--discoverer of chromium.". Mayo Clin. Proc. 64 (6): pp. 643. 1989 Jun. PMID 2664360 
• WILLIAMS-ASHMAN, H G (1965). "NICOLAS LOUIS VAUQUELIN (1763-1829).". Investigative urology 2: pp. 605–13. 1965 May. PMID 14283607 

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Persondata
Name	Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	16 May 1763
Place of birth	Saint-André-d'Hébertot, Normandy Kingdom of France
Date of death	14 November 1829
Place of death	Saint-André-d'Hébertot, Normandy Kingdom of France