Finale Ligure

Infobox CityIT
img_coa = Finale Ligure-Stemma.png official_name = Comune di Finale Ligure
nem=Finale Ligure
mapx=44.16
mapy=8.36
region = Liguria
province = Savona (SV)
elevation_m = 0
area_total_km2 = 34.59
population = 11,817cite web | url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?men=gpro&des=gamelan&geo=483066834 | title="The World Gazetteer" | accessdate=2007-02-20]
population_as_of = 2007 11,817
population_total = 11794
population_density_km2 = 341
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|44|10|17|N|8|20|40|E|region:IT_type:city(11817)
frazioni =Gorra, Varigotti, Calvisio, Perti, San Bernardino, le Mànie, Selva
telephone = 019
postalcode = 17024
gentilic =Finalesi
saint = St. John the Baptist
day = June 24

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|image_caption=A frescoed gate in Finale Ligure.
mayor =Flaminio Richeri Vivaldi Pasqua
website = [http://www.comunefinaleligure.it www.comunefinaleligure.it]

Finale Ligure is a comune on the Gulf of Genoa in the Province of Savona in Liguria, Italy. It is considered part of the Italian Riviera.

Geography

Known for its white sand beaches and its views, Finale Ligure is located directly adjacent to the Rock of Caprazoppa, a steep limestone mountain on the southwest, and much of the town extends up hill slopes. The town has a lively commercial district. The boardwalk is lined with palm trees and many restaurants from the adjacent street have located large, open-air dining rooms along it.

The town of Finale Ligure is nominally divided into three "boroughs". Finale Ligure Marina (Finalmarina) is the main seaside part of the town, most frequented by tourists, while Finale Pia (Finalpia) is the traditional center of the town, where a Benedictine abbey still stands. Finalborgo, the third borough and located further inland, consists of an old walled medieval town.

Finale Ligure has furthermore some frazioni: Varigotti, an appreciated and characteristic seaside holiday destination, which was an important port in Roman and Byzantine times; Perti, also an ancient center with Roman and Medieval ruins, up into the "entroterra" (interior); Le Manie ("e Magne" in local dialect), a plateau partly cultivated, partly left to pine forest and Mediterranean Bush; Gorra, a panoramic hamlet along the steep road to the Alpine forests of Melogno pass; San Bernardino, a recent set of buildings and residences on the top of the hill overlooking Finale Marina.

The territory surrounding Finale is known as "Il Finale", and not "Il Finalese" as sometimes wrongly spelled; it is very characteristically made up of limestone plateaus and canyons which host a significant biodiversity and important remains of Roman and Medieval times.

History

Caves attesting the presence of human settlements in the area as early as the Neolithic age have been found. During the Roman times, the burgh of Finale was known as "Ad Fines" ("On the Border"), as it marked the boundary between two of the main Ligurian tribes: the "Sabatii" in the east, and the "Intemelii" in the west.

In Roman times the area hosted a road and post station named "Pollupex" (Pollupice, in Italian) along the via Julia Augusta; it is supposed that it was situated where nowadays the frazione of Calvisio stands. Important was in those times also the port of "Varicottis" (Varigotti), now interred, as were the fortifications in Perti ("Castrum Perticae", active to the Middle Ages), later integrated in the Byzantine limes against the Goths and Lombards.

The first document citing the town is from 967, when it was included in the Marca Aleramica created by Emperor Otto I. Later a possession of Bonifacio Del Vasto, it was inherited by the Del Carretto who made it the base of a powerful Marquisate which they enlarged absorbing the neighbouring fiefs, and which raised the hostility of the Republic of Genoa. After various disputes, in 1385 the Del Carretto were compelled to cede most of their lands to the Genoese; their rule was however not well accepted, and a true war ensued in 1447-1448, which ended with a Genoese victory.

In 1496 Alfonso I Del Carretto obtained the investiture of the whole marquisate by Emperor Maximilian I, alter confirmed by Charles V. In 1558, however, the misgovernment of Alfonso II Del Carretto created attrition with the population, with the encroachment of Genoa, which claimed new lands from the Emperor. The Spanish governor of Milan therefore occupied Finale in 1571, and the town passed under the Spanish rule in 1602.

The Marquisate was acquired by the Republic of Genoa in 1713, being confirmed in the possession by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748. The town became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815 and of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. At that time the Finale area was divided in several small "Comuni": Finalborgo, Finalmarina, Finalpia, Gorra, Perti, Calvisio, Varigotti. Between 1869 and 1877, a time of administrative reforms, only the three Finales survived after swallowing their smaller neighbors amidst recriminations. It was the Fascist regime, bent on creating wider "Comuni", to eventually unify these townships in the Comune of Finale Ligure in 1927 [Caffarena, Fabio with Stiaccini, Carlo "Finale Ligure 1927 - Biografia di una città dall'Unità d'Italia al Fascismo", Unicopli, Milano 2007] .

Main sights

*"Castel Gavone", the former seat of the Del Carretto Marquisses. It was allegedly built by the Enrico II Del Carretto in 1181. Destroyed during the struggles with Genoa, it was rebuilt in 1451-1452. In 1715 it was largely dismantled by the Genoese after their conquest of the Marquisate.
*"Castello Vuillermin", a castle dating from the early 20th century which is now converted into a youth hostel. It sits on the mountains directly above the town.
*Basilica of St. John the Baptist (1619-1675), with two bell tower from 1762.
*Church of "Santa Maria di Pia", rebuilt in 1725-1728. It houses works from the 16th century and has a 13th century bell tower.
*Church of "San Biagio", rebuilt in 1630-1650. It has maintained an octagonal tower from the 15th century.
*Church of "Sant'Eusebio", with parts in Romanesque style. Noteworthy are the Gothic apse and the 11th century crypt.
*Church of "Sant'Antonino", with a 12th century crypt.
*Church of "San Bartolomeo apostolo", in the "frazione" of Gorra. It has a Gothic bell tower with three floors of mullioned windows.
*Church of "San Lorenzo", between Varigotti and Capo Noli. It has Romanesque bell tower from the 12th century.
*Former convent of "Santa Caterina", founded in 1359 and rebuilt in Renaissance times with the addition of two cloisters. It is now home to the Town Museum.

Transportation

The town is connected by various roads (mainly the SS1, or via Aurelia), the A10 highway Genova-Ventimiglia (exit "Finale Ligure"), and a double-track rail line.

Twin towns

*flagicon|Spain Benalmádena, Spain
*flagicon|USA Ocean City, USA
*flagicon|Italy Coseano, Italy

Famous people

* Carlo Domenico del Carretto (1454 - 1514) - An Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.

* Enrico Caviglia (1863-1945),Marshal of Italy, a distinguished officer in the Royal Army of Italy who led armies to victory in the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo (Bainsizza offensive) and during the Battle of Vittorio Veneto in World War I.

* Renato Castellani, appreciated film director and writer.

* Giovanni Boine, writer.

* Marco Ferrando, Communist politician.

Demographic evolution

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References