Lees, Greater Manchester

infobox UK place
country = England
latitude= 53.5389
longitude= -2.0696
official_name= Lees
population= 10,132 (2001 Census)
metropolitan_borough= Oldham
metropolitan_county= Greater Manchester
region= North West England
constituency_westminster= Oldham East and Saddleworth
post_town= OLDHAM
postcode_area= OL
postcode_district= OL4
dial_code= 0161
os_grid_reference= SD955045
static_

static_image_caption=Lees village centre
london_distance=

Lees (pop. 10,100) is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England.cite web |url=http://www.gmcro.co.uk/guides/gazette/gazframe.htm |title=A select gazetteer of local government areas, Greater Manchester County|publisher=Greater Manchester County Record Office|accessdate=2008-06-17|date=2003-07-31] It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground on the east side of the River Medlock, convert|1.8|mi|km|1 east of Oldham, and convert|8.2|mi|km|1 east-northeast of Manchester. Historically, Lees has been positioned on the Lancashire side of the ancient county boundary with the West Riding of Yorkshire, giving rise to a part of Lees being known locally as County End.

Lees is believed to have obtained its name in the 14th century from John de Leghes, a retainer of the local Lord of the Manor. For centuries, Lees was a conglomeration of hamlets, ecclesiastically linked with the township of Ashton-under-Lyne. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom weaving in the domestic system. At the beginning of the 19th century Lees had obtained a reputation for its mineral springs; ambitions to develop Lees into a spa town were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by introduction and profitability of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution.cite web|url=http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/a_display.php?irn=239&QueryPage=&lang=|title= Oldham Towns; Lees|publisher=spinningtheweb.org.uk|author=Manchester City Council|accessdate=2007-01-05] cite web|url=http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/lees.htm|title=The Oldham Boroughs: Lees|date=|accessdate=2008-06-25|publisher=visitoldham.co.uk]

Lees expanded into a factory village during the late-19th century on the back of neighbouring Oldham's booming cotton spinning sector. The former Lees Urban District, an area of convert|0.4|sqmi|km2|0, [cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_A&u_id=10002862&c_id=10001043&add=Y|publisher=visionofbritain.org.uk|accessdate=2008-06-24|title=Lees UD: Area (acres)] had eleven cotton mills at its manufacturing zenith. Notable people associated with Lees include Helen Bradley, a 20th century oil painter, and Laurence Chaderton, one of the original translators of the Authorized King James Version of the Bible.

History

The settlement dates back to the 14th century, and is thought to have been named after former retainer of the manor, John de Leghes.

Lees was one of the localities which, on 16 August 1819, sent a contingent of parishioners to the mass public demonstration at Manchester, now known as the Peterloo Massacre. [cite book |first=Joyce |last=Marlow |title=The Peterloo Massacre |publisher=Rapp & Whiting |date=1969 |isbn=0-85391-122-3|page=118] In the week before Peterloo (an assembly demanding the reform of parliamentary representation), weavers in Lees had paraded through the village with a large black flag adorned with the slogans "no Borough Mongering, Taxation Without Representation is Unject and Tyrannical," and "Unite and be Free, "Equal Representation or Death". The growing unrest in the village prompted one alarmed inhabitant to write to the Home Office. [cite book|title=Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790-1850|first=James A. |last=Epstein |publisher=Oxford University Press|date= 1994|page=75|isbn=978-0195065503]

In the late-18th century, a natural chalybeate spring was discovered in the locality, and by the-early 19th century the village gained a reputation for these "fashionable" mineral springs. In the early-19th century, water from Lees Spa, had become fashionable to drink, so much so, that it was bottled and sold around the country. In the month of August 1821, 60,000 people visited Lees Spa. Ambitions to develop Lees into a spa town - "Lancashire's very own Harrogate" - were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by introduction and profitability of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought cotton spinning to Lees in the form of eleven mills, which by the late-19th century, had changed the character of the village completely.

Lees has grown in size recently in terms of both amenities and residential population, in its role as a commuter village for people working in Oldham and West Yorkshire. It is home to commercial and distribution companies. The main street is notable for the number of public houses in close proximity.

Governance

Lees (or Hey) was within the Knott Lanes division of the parish and township of Ashton-under-Lyne, and hundred of Salford. In 1859 a Local Board of Health (at first known as Lees-with-Crossbank, subsequently as Lees) was established for the Lees area. This area was in the Ashton under Lyne poor law Union.

Between 1894 and 1974, Lees constituted the Lees Urban District, in the administrative county of Lancashire; the Local Board became the Lees Urban District Council. As the district was situated entirely between the County Borough of Oldham and the West Riding of Yorkshire, it constituted an exclave of the administrative county of Lancashire. In 1911 part of the Urban District was added to the civil parish of Crossbank, but in 1914 Crossbank was absorbed into the Lees Urban District.

In 1974 the Lees Urban District was amagamated with six other local government districts, to from the newly created Metropolitan Borough of Oldham within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.

The Saddleworth & Lees area committee meets regularly to discuss the progress of the villages.

Geography

The village consists of a small cluster of shops and businesses on either side of the A669 Lees Road, surrounded by some terraced houses and some small estates. Lees is separated from the main conurbation of Oldham by a small amount of green belt land in the valley of Leesbrook, on either bank of the River Medlock.

A part of Lees is known locally as County End; Springhead in Saddleworth forms a contiguous urban area with Lees, though the border between the two forms part of the ancient county boundary between Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. Crossbank is an area of Lees.

Transport

Lees is accessed on the roads on the A669 from Saddleworth and Oldham. Along this road, there are frequent buses running towards Oldham and Manchester on First Manchester's 180 and 184 services. Other destinations which can be reached from Lees on the bus are Huddersfield, Hyde, Middleton, Mossley, Saddleworth and Stalybridge.

There is also no train station. Lees railway station closed in 1955, followed by the complete closure of the line in 1964. [An Illustrated History of Oldham's Railways by John Hooper (ISBN 1-871608-19-8)]

Notable people

Notable people associated with Lees include Springhead-born Annie Kenney, one of the first suffragettes to be imprisoned worked at Lees's Leesbrook Mill. Annie's younger, Lees-born sister Jessie Kenney was also a campaigner for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. By the age of 21 Jessie was the Women's Social and Political Union's youngest organiser. [cite book|title=Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 |date= 1999|publisher= Routledge|last= Crawford|first=Elizabeth|page=319-320|isbn=978-1841420318] Laurence Chaderton, one of the original translators of the Authorized King James Version of the Bible was a native of Lees. Phil Woolas MP lives in the locality. [Citation | last =Woolas, P.|title=Letters to the editor; Woolas lives locally|newspaper=Oldham Evening Chronicle|pages=6|year=2007|date=2007-07-27]

Helen Bradley was born in Lees in 1900. [cite web|url=http://www.helenbradley.co.uk/originals/index.htm|title=Originals: Helen Bradley|author=Whittle, Stephen|date=|accessdate=2008-06-26|publisher=helenbradley.co.uk]

References

External links

* [http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/lees.htm www.visitoldham.co.uk] , A brief history of Lees.