Cyprus Wheatear

Cyprus Wheatear
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Muscicapidae
Genus:	Oenanthe
Species:	O. cypriaca
Binomial name
Oenanthe cypriaca (Homeyer, 1884)

The Cyprus Wheatear or Cyprus Pied Wheatear (Oenanthe cypriaca) is a small, 14–15 cm long passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Pied Wheatear but Sluys and van den Berg (1982)^[2] argued that the form deserved full species status, on the basis of differences in biometrics and especially song, and the lack of sexual plumage dimorphism in cypriaca.

This migratory insectivorous species was formerly considered a race of Pied Wheatear. It breeds only in Cyprus, and winters in southern Sudan and Ethiopia. It has been recorded as a vagrant on Heligoland, Germany,^[3]

This species closely resembles Pied Wheatear, although it has slightly more black on the tail and back, and on the head. The sexes are similar in appearance, a fact first documented by Christensen (1974).^[4] A 2010 study found that Cyprus Wheatear differs from Pied Wheatear in 14 external morphometric characters.^[3]

The song is distinctive, and very different from that of Pied Wheatear, resembling an insect. It consists of a series of high-pitched buzzing bursts.^[5]

The song-perches utilised by this species are high for a wheatear, typically being 5 to 10 metres above ground. It often breeds in woodland habitats, unlike other wheatears (Oliver 1990^[6] suggested that it occupies the ecological niche used elsewhere in the Western Palearctic by the Common Redstart). It is the most arboreal species of wheatear in the western palearctic and it uses often aerial sallying and perch-pounce-feeding tactics. Recent work suggest an ecological differentiation between Cyprus Wheatear and migrating Northern Wheatears O. oenanthe and Black-eared Wheatears O. hispanica melanoleuca. Cyprus Wheatear uses more aerial sallying and occupies more forested habitats, but needs a minimum amount of open/bare ground, and a minimum of high bush/tree vegetation (Randler et al. 2009^[7]).

References

1. ^ BirdLife International (2004). Oenanthe cypriaca. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 5 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
2. ^ Ronald Sluys, Martin van den Berg (1982 )On the Specific Status of the Cyprus Pied Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca Ornis Scandinavica, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 123-128
3. ^ ^{a b} Marc I. Förschler, Christoph Randler, Jochen Dierschke & Franz Bairlein, 2010. Morphometric diagnosability of Cyprus Wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca and an unexpected occurrence on Helgoland Island. Bird Study, Volume 57, Issue 3 August 2010 , pages 396 - 400.
4. ^ Christensen, Steen (1974) Notes on the plumage of female Cyprus Pied Wheatear Ornis. Scand. 5:47-52
5. ^ Bergman, H. H. (1983) Some peculiarities of Cyprus bird voices. Cyprus Ornithological Society (1969) Bird Report 8:41-54
6. ^ Oliver, P. J. (1990) Observations on the Cyprus Pied Wheatear Sandgrouse 12:25-30
7. ^ Randler, C.,Teichmann, C., & Pentzold, S. (2009) Breeding habitat preference and foraging of the Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca and niche partitioning in comparison with migrant Oenanthe species on Cyprus. Journal of Ornithology 151:113-121. 10.1007/s10336-009-0432-0

Further reading

Identification

• Small, Brian J. (1994) Separation of Pied Wheatear and Cyprus Pied Wheatear. Dutch Birding 16: 177–185
• Flint, Peter (1995) Separation of Cyprus Pied Wheatear from Pied Wheatear British Birds 88: 230–241