Zubizuri

The Zubizuri ( Basque for "white bridge"), also called the Campo Volantin Bridge or Puente del Campo Volantin, is a tied arch footbridge across the Nervion River in Bilbao, linking the "Campo Volantin" right bank and "Uribitarte" left bank of the river.

Description

The bridge was designed by architect Santiago Calatrava, who also designed the city's Loiu Airport. The design consists of an inclined structural steel arch linking two platforms, with access ramps and stairways on both banks. The curved steel bridge deck is suspended by steel cables. The structure is painted white, as with other Calatrava designs.

It offers pedestrians a convenient route from hotels to the nearby Bilbao Guggenheim Museum. It was opened to the public in 1997.

Criticism

Published criticism

Since its opening, it has been subjected to praise as a symbol of the new Bilbao and as a draw for tourism. Architectural professor Alexander Tzonis wrote: [Tzonis, Alexander, "Calatrava Bridges", Thames & Hudson, 2005, ISBN 0-500-28579-9]

"The intelligence, vitality, and originality of the bridge's curved configuration challenged the ordinariness and slow decline of the urban setting, bringing a message of hope and an invitation to imagine better conditions."

However, other professionals have been more equivocal, bridge engineer Matthew Wells saying: [Wells, Matthew, "30 Bridges", Laurence King Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-85669-217-5]

"Regrettably, the balance of light steel superstructure on the cantilevered abutment ends is strained, like a sculptural toy, and the bridge touches the ground uncomfortably."

History since opening

The bridge has also been accused of impracticality: it is locally infamous for the glass bricks set into its floor, which can become slippery in the wet climate of the city." [http://www.elcorreodigital.com/vizcaya/prensa/20070224/vizcaya/entre-losetas-arquitectos-estrellas_20070224.html Entre losetas y y arquitectos 'estrellas'] ", El Correo, 24 February 2007]

The original design connects the bridge on the left bank to the Uribitarte dock and not to the higher street Alameda Mazarredo.Local authorities temporarily installed a further scaffolding footway joining the bridge and Mazarredo street, but removed it under protests from Calatrava.

In 2006, the local authorities authorized Arata Isozaki to erect a new footway from the bridge to the construction site of the Isozaki Atea towers. Calatrava responded in 2007 by suing Bilbao for the moral rights to the integrity of his creation (a part of the intellectual property under the Spanish copyright law), where a metal bar had been cut" [http://www.elcorreodigital.com/vizcaya/prensa/20070222/portada_viz/calatrava-lleva-tribunales-guerra_20070222.html Calatrava lleva a los tribunales su guerra con Isozaki por los puentes de Uribitarte] ", El Correo, 22 February 2007.] " [http://www.elcorreodigital.com/vizcaya/prensa/20070223/vizcaya/tenian-habernos-encargado-prolongacion_20070223.html «Tenían que habernos encargado la prolongación de la pasarela»] ", El Correo, 23 February 2007.] .The mayor of Bilbao, Iñaki Azkuna, with the support of his fellow councilors claimed that the rights of the owners (Bilbao) took precedence over the architect's rights. He also noted the slips and falls of bridge users, and the cost of replacing broken glass tiles (6,000 euros a year according to opposition speaker Antonio Basagoiti, 250,000 euros in ten years according to a municipal report" [http://www.elcorreodigital.com/vizcaya/20071128/vizcaya/reparacion-losetas-costado-euros-20071128.html La reparación de las losetas ha costado 250.000 euros] ", El Correo, 28 November 2007] ).Jurists and local architects have supported the position of the mayor, holding that the modifications do not affect Calatrava's rights" [http://www.elcorreodigital.com/vizcaya/prensa/20070224/vizcaya/juristas-dicen-propiedad-intelectual_20070224.html Juristas dicen que la propiedad intelectual se limita «al diseño» de las obras arquitectónicas] ", El Correo, 24 February 2007.] .

In November 2007, a judge agreed that there was damage to the creator's moral rights but favored the local council and allowed Isozaki's connection to remain" [http://www.elcorreodigital.com/vizcaya/20071127/vizcaya/juez-prima-peatones-puente-20071127.html El juez prima a los peatones en el puente de Calatrava] ", El Correo, 27 November 2007.] . Calatrava announced his intention to appeal against the decision.

References

External links

* [http://en.broer.no/bro/index.php?ID=2 Zubizuri on en.broer.no]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=bilbao+spain&ll=43.267441,-2.931161&spn=0.002650,0.007481&t=h&hl=en Google maps image of the footbridge] showing the Guggenheim Bilbao Museum in the upper left corner. The bridge is on the lower right.
* [http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Campo_Volantin_Footbridge.html Great buildings]
* [http://www.tzonis.com Alexander Tzonis Authorised website]