Isidor Isaac Rabi

Infobox_Scientist
name = Isidor Rabi


imagesize = 180px
caption = Isidor Isaac Rabi
birth_date = birth date|1898|7|29|df=y
birth_place = Rymanów, Galicia, Austria-Hungary
nationality = United States
death_date = death date and age|1988|1|11|1898|7|29
death_place = New York City, USA
field = Physics
work_institution = Columbia University
MIT
alma_mater = Cornell University
Columbia University
doctoral_advisor = Albert Potter Wills
doctoral_students= Julian Schwinger
Norman F. Ramsey
Martin L. Perl
known_for = Nuclear magnetic resonance
prizes = Nobel Prize for Physics (1944)
footnotes =
religion = Jewish

Isidor Isaac Rabi (July 29, 1898 – January 11, 1988) Galician-born physicist, and Nobel laureate.

Biography

Rabi was born in Rymanów, Galicia, Austrian Empire (now Poland), and was brought to the United States as a child the following year. He achieved a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry degree from Cornell University in 1919, continuing his studies at Columbia University and received his Ph.D. in 1927. A fellowship enabled him to spend the next two years in Europe working with such eminent physicists as Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli and Otto Stern. He then joined the Columbia faculty and never left.

In 1930 Rabi conducted investigations into the nature of the force binding protons to atomic nuclei. This research eventually led to the creation of the molecular-beam magnetic-resonance detection method, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1944.

In 1940 he was granted leave from Columbia to work as Associate Director of the Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the development of radar and the atomic bomb. [ [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1944/rabi-bio.html Isidor Isaac Rabi - Biography ] ] Some say that he reluctantly agreed to serve as a visiting consultant who would come and go from Los Alamos, where he was one of the very few exceptions to the strict security rules there. General Groves made a special effort to bring Rabi, who had been a student with Oppenheimer and maintained a close and mutually respectful relationship, out to Los Alamos for the days leading up to the Trinity test so that he could help Oppenheimer maintain his sanity under such intense pressure.fact|date=June 2008 The scientists working on Trinity set up a betting pool for the results of the test, with predictions ranging from total dud to incineration of the planet. Rabi guess of 18 kilotons of TNT yield proved to be the closest to the actual yield of 20 kilotons and he won the pool.James Hershberg (1993), "James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age". 948 pp. ISBN 0-394-57966-6 p. 233]

After the war he continued his research, which contributed to the inventions of the laser and the atomic clock. He was also one of the founders of both Brookhaven National Laboratory and CERN, and served as U.S. President Harry S. Truman's second Science Advisor.

Rabi chaired Columbia's physics department from 1945 to 1949, a period during which it was home to two Nobel Laureates (Rabi and Enrico Fermi) and eleven future laureates, including seven faculty (Polykarp Kusch, Willis Lamb, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, James Rainwater, Norman Ramsey, Charles Townes and Hideki Yukawa), a research scientist (Aage Bohr), a visiting professor (Hans Bethe), a doctoral student (Leon Lederman) and an undergrad (Leon Cooper). When Columbia created the rank of University Professor in 1964, Rabi was the first to receive such a chair. He retired from teaching in 1967 but remained active in the department and held the title of University Professor Emeritus and Special Lecturer until his death on January 11, 1988.

He famously remarked that "the world would be better without an Edward Teller." He is also known for asking regarding the muon, "Who ordered that?"

Dr. Rabi is the recipient of The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence.

* Father: David Rabi
* Mother: Janet Teig
* Wife: Helen Newmark (m. 1926, two daughters)

Works

Cite book
publisher = Claremont College
pages = 55
last = Rabi
first = Isidor Isaac
title = My life and times as a physicist;
date = 1960

Cite book
publisher = World Publishing Co.
last = Rabi
first = Isidor Isaac
title = Science: The Center of Culture
location = New York
date = 1970

Cite book
publisher = Scribner's
last = Rabi
first = Isidor Isaac
coauthors = Robert Serber, Victor F. Weisskopf, Abraham Pais, Glenn T. Seaborg
title = Oppenheimer: The Story of One of the Most Remarkable Personalities of the 20th Century.
date = 1969

References

* "Rabi, scientist and citizen" by John S. Rigden (Sloan Foundation Series; Basic Books, 1987). A biography that is close to an autobiography, as it was based on extensive interviews with Rabi.
*Citation
id = PMID:1562763
url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1562763
last=Rabi
first=I I
last2=Zacharias
first2=J R
last3=Millman
first3=S
last4=Kusch
first4=P
publication-date=
year=
title=Milestones in magnetic resonance: 'a new method of measuring nuclear magnetic moment' . 1938.
volume=2
issue=2
periodical=Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI
pages=131-3

External links

* [http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/isidor_isaac_rabi.html Isidor Isaac Rabi]
* Rigden, John S. (November 1, 1999). [http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/906 "Isidor Isaac Rabi: walking the path of God"] . "Physics World".
* [http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/RabiPhoto.shtml Rabi biography] (brief)
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/physics/about/main/one/columbianobels.html Nobel winners associated with Columbia physics department]
* [http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Rabi,+Isidor+I. Annotated bibliography for Isidor Isaac Rabi from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues]

ee also

*Atomic clock
*Nuclear magnetic resonance
*Rabi cycle
*Rabi problem
*Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Persondata
NAME= Rabi, Isador
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Physicist
DATE OF BIRTH= July 29, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH= Rymanów, Galicia, Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH= January 11, 1988
PLACE OF DEATH= New York City, U.S.