Jojoba oil

Jojoba oil

Jojoba oil (pronounced "ho-HO-bah") is the liquid wax produced in the seed of the jojoba ("Simmondsia chinensis") plant, a shrub native to southern Arizona, southern California and northwestern Mexico. The oil makes up approximately 50% of the jojoba seed by weight.cite journal | url = http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/jojoba.html | journal = Alternative Field Crops Manual | title = Jojoba | author = D.J. Undersander, E.A. Oelke, A.R. Kaminski, J.D. Doll, D.H. Putnam, S.M. Combs, and C.V. Hanson | year = 1990 ]

Composition

Jojoba oil is a mixture of wax esters, 36 to 46 carbon atoms in length. Each molecule consists of a fatty acid and a fatty alcohol joined by an ester bond. 98% of the fatty acid molecules are unsaturated at the 9th carbon-carbon bond (omega-9) Spencer GF, Plattner RD, Miwa T. 1997. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/87mkk33315355mx6/fulltext.pdf?page=1 Jojoba oil analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry] Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 54(5).] The approximate percentages of fatty acids in jojoba oil are as follows: [ cite web | url = http://www.aromaland.com/shop/index.cfm?fuseaction=customer.productcat&product_code=71JO8&category_code=CO11 | title = Jojoba Oil | publisher = Aroma Land ]

Appearance

Unrefined jojoba oil appears as a clear golden liquid at room temperature with a slightly fatty odor. Refined jojoba oil is colorless and odorless. The melting point of jojoba oil is approximately 10°C [ cite web | title = AOCS Method Cc 18-80 | url = http://www.aocs.org/tech/onlinemethods/search.asp?id=170&process=view | accessdate = 2006-10-13 ] and the iodine value is approximately 80. [cite web | title = AOCS Method Cd 1-25 | url = http://www.aocs.org/tech/onlinemethods/search.asp?id=192&process=view | accessdate = 2006-10-13 ] Jojoba oil is relatively shelf-stable when compared with other vegetable oils. It has an Oxidative Stability Index of approximately 60, [cite web | title = AOCS Method Cd 12b-92 | url = http://www.aocs.org/tech/onlinemethods/search.asp?id=405&process=view | accessdate = 2006-10-13 ] which means that it is more shelf-stable than oils of safflower oil, canola oil, almond oil or squalene but less than castor oil, macadamia oil and coconut oil.

Unlike common vegetable oils, jojoba oil is chemically very similar to human sebumFact|date=June 2008. Most jojoba oil is consumed as an ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products, especially skin care and hair care. Jojoba derivatives, including jojoba esters, isopropyl jojobate and jojoba alcohol, are particularly widely used in this context.

Jojoba oil is popular with stretched lobes. The make up of the oil is very similar to that of human sebum. It aids in the healing process.

Jojoba oil is also used as a replacement for whale oil and its derivatives, such as cetyl alcohol. The ban on importing whale oil to the US in 1971 led to the discovery that it is "in many regards superior to sperm oil for applications in the cosmetics and other industries."

Jojoba oil is a fungicide, and can be used for controlling mildew. [patent|US|6174920|Method of controlling powdery mildew infections of plants using jojoba wax]

Jojoba oil is edible, but acaloric and non-digestible, meaning the oil will pass through the intestines unchanged and can cause an unpleasant result called steatorrhea.

Jojoba oil is an exceptional moisturizer. [ cite journal | title = Comparative aspects of lipid digestion and absorption: physiological correlates of wax ester digestion | url = http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/263/3/R464 | journal = AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology | volume = 263 | issue = 3 | pages = 464–R471 | author = A. R. Place | date = 1992 | accessdate = 2008-03-17 | pmid = 1415629 | format = abstract ]

Jojoba biodiesel has been explored as a cheap, sustainable fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel. [ cite web | url = http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3464 | title = Jojoba oil could fuel cars and trucks | date = March 6 2003 | accessdate = 2006-10-13 | publisher = New Scientist ]

See also

* Oleochemical

References

External links

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* [http://jojobassaf.com/jojoba_oil.php Description and chemical structure of jojoba oil]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • jojoba oil — n. oil extracted from the jojoba tree and is used in shampoos and cosmetics …   English contemporary dictionary

  • jojoba oil — /həˈhoʊbə ɔɪl/ (say huh hohbuh oyl) noun the oil from the seeds of the jojoba plant …  

  • Hydrogenated jojoba oil — is the end product of the complete hydrogenation of jojoba oil. Chemical structure Hydrogenated jojoba oil is a straight chain wax ester of 36 to 46 carbons in length, an ester bond in the approximate middle of the chain, no branching, no points… …   Wikipedia

  • Jojoba ester — Jojoba esters are the hydrogenation or interesterification product of Jojoba oil. Interesterified Jojoba Esters are commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient, due to its remarkable similarity to the natural oils produced by the human …   Wikipedia

  • Jojoba alcohol — is the alcohol fraction obtained by the saponification of jojoba oil. Jojoba alcohol is commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Chemical structure Jojoba alcohol is a mixture of free fatty alcohols of between 16 and 24 Carbons in chain length.… …   Wikipedia

  • jojoba — [hō hō′bə] n. [Sp] an evergreen desert shrub (Simmondsia californica) of the box family, found in Mexico and the SW U.S., with a seed (jojoba bean) containing an odorless, colorless liquid wax (jojoba oil) used in cosmetics, lubricants, etc …   English World dictionary

  • Jojoba — Taxobox name = Jojoba image width = 240px image caption = Simmondsia chinensis foliage and fruit regnum = Plantae divisio = Magnoliophyta classis = Magnoliopsida ordo = Caryophyllales familia = Simmondsiaceae familia authority = van Tieghem ex… …   Wikipedia

  • jojoba — /hoh hoh beuh/, n. a shrub, Simmondsia chinensis (or S. californica), of the southwestern U.S. and Mexico, bearing seeds that are the source of an oil (jojoba oil) used in cosmetics and as a lubricant. [1920 25; < MexSp] * * * ▪ plant also called …   Universalium

  • jojoba — [hə həʊbə, həʊ ] noun 1》 (also jojoba oil) an oil extracted from the seeds of a North American shrub, used in cosmetics. 2》 the leathery leaved evergreen shrub that produces jojoba seeds. [Simmondsia chinensis.] Origin early 20th cent.: from Mex …   English new terms dictionary

  • jojoba — [[t]ho ʊho͟ʊbə[/t]] N UNCOUNT Jojoba or jojoba oil is made from the seeds of the jojoba plant. It is used in many cosmetics such as shampoos …   English dictionary

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