Horizontal integration

Horizontal integration

In microeconomics and strategic management, the term horizontal integration describes a type of ownership and control. It is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell a type of product in numerous markets. Horizontal integration in marketing is much more common than vertical integration in production. It is contrasted with vertical integration.Horizontal integration occurs when a firm in the same industry and in the same stage of production is being taken-over or merged with another firm which is in the same industry and in the same stage of production as of with the merged firm. Eg: A car manufacturer merging with another car manufacturer. In this case both the companies are in the same stage of production and also in the same industry.

A monopoly created through horizontal integration is called a horizontal monopoly.Fact|date=June 2007.

A term that is closely related with horizontal integration is horizontal expansion. This is the expansion of a firm within an industry which it is already active, the purpose is to increase its share of the market for a particular product or service.

Benefits of horizontal integration

Horizontal integration allows:
* Economies of scale
* Economies of scope
* Economies of stocksStrong presence in the reference market

Media terms

Media critics, such as Robert McChesney, have noted that the current trend within the entertainment industry has been toward the increased concentration of media ownership into the hands of a smaller number of transmedia and transnational conglomerates. [ Thorburn, David and Jenkins, Henry (eds)(2003) Rethinking Media Change, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp.283. ] Media nowadays tend to be in the hands of those who are rich enough to buy the media such as Rupert Murdoch.

Horizontal integration, that is, the consolidation of holdings across multiple industries, has displaced the old vertical integration of the Hollywood studios. [ Thorburn, David and Jenkins, Henry (eds)(2003) Rethinking Media Change, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp.283. ] The idea of owning many media outlets, which run almost the same content, is considered to be very productive, since it requires only minor changes of format and information to use in multiple media forms. For example, within a conglomerate, the content used in broadcasting television would be used in broadcasting radio as well, or the content used in hard copy of the newspaper would also be used in online newspaper website.

What emerged are new strategies of content development and distribution designed to increase the “synergy’ between the different divisions of the same company. Studios seek content that can move fluidly across media channels. [ Thorburn, David and Jenkins, Henry (eds)(2003) Rethinking Media Change, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp.284. ]

References

See also

* Horizontal market
* Vertical integration
* Economies of scale
* List of management topics
* List of marketing topics
* List of economics topics
* Monopoly
* Strategic management
* Target market


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