Skimmer

Skimmer

Taxobox
name = Skimmers


image_width = 250px
image_caption = Black Skimmer
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Charadriiformes
familia = Rhynchopidae
familia_authority = Bonaparte, 1838
genus = "Rhynchops"
genus_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision =
*Black Skimmer ("Rhynchops niger")
*African Skimmer ("Rhynchops flavirostris")
*Indian Skimmer ("Rhynchops albicollis")The Skimmers, Rhynchopidae, are a small family of tern-like birds in the order Charadriiformes, which also includes the waders, gulls and auks. The family is comprised of three species found in South Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

The three species are the only birds with a lower mandible longer than the upper. They feed by flying low over the water surface with the lower mandible skimming the water for small fish. They are the only birds known to have slit-shaped pupils. [ [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v052n04/p0338-p0340.pdf On the Slit Pupil of the Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) ] ]

They are tropical and subtropical species which lay 3-6 eggs on sandy beaches. The female incubates the eggs. Because of the species' restricted nesting habitat the three species are vulnerable to disturbance at their nesting sites. One species, the Indian Skimmer, is considered vulnerable by the IUCN due to this as well as destruction and degradation of the lakes and rivers it uses for feeding.

See Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for an alternative classification. The genus name "Rynchops" is often spelled "Rhynchops" (as in some of the later editions of the works of Linnaeus), though the first version is taxonomically valid, being Linnaeus's original spelling.

References

*BirdLife International (2007) [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3206&m=0 Species factsheet: "Rynchops albicollis".] Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/5/2007

External links

* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=68 Skimmer videos] on the Internet Bird Collection


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