Jackie McLean

Infobox musical artist
Name = Jackie McLean


Img_capt =
Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth_name = John Lenwood McLean
Born = 1931
Died = 2006
Instrument = alto saxophone
Genre = Bop
Hard bop
Modal jazz
Progressive jazz
Mainstream jazz
Post-bop
Occupation = musician, bandleader, composer, educator, community activist
Years_active = 1951-2004

John Lenwood (Jackie) McLean (May 17 1931 – March 31 2006; some sources erroneously give 1932 as his year of birth) was an American jazz alto saxophonist, composer, bandleader and educator, born in New York City.

Biography

His father, John Sr., who died in 1939, played guitar in Tiny Bradshaw's orchestra. After his father's death, his musical education was continued by his godfather, by his stepfather, who owned a record store, and by several noted teachers. He also received informal tutoring from neighbours Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, and Charlie Parker. During high school he played in a band with Kenny Drew, Sonny Rollins, and Andy Kirk Jr. (the tenor saxophonist son of Andy Kirk).

He recorded with Miles Davis, on Davis' "Dig" album, when he was 19 years old. Rollins played on the same album. As a young man McLean also recorded with Gene Ammons, Charles Mingus, and George Wallington, and as a member of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers. McLean reportedly joined the Jazz Messengers after being punched by the notoriously volatile Mingus. Fearing for his life, McLean pulled out a knife and contemplated stabbing Mingus in self-defence and later stated that he was grateful that he did not stab the bassist [liner notes to the album "Dynasty"] . His early recordings as leader were in the hard bop school. He later became an exponent of modal jazz without abandoning his foundation in hard bop. Throughout his career he was known for his distinctive tone (often described with such adjectives as "withering", "piercing", or "searing"), his slightly sharp pitch, and a strong foundation in blues.

McLean was a heroin addict throughout his early career, and the resulting loss of his New York City cabaret card forced him to undertake a large number of recording dates; consequently, he produced a large body of recorded work in the 1950s and 1960s. He was under contract with Blue Note Records from 1959 to 1967, having previously recorded for Prestige. Blue Note offered better pay and more artistic control than other labels, and his work for Blue Note is highly regarded. McLean recorded as a leader with a wide range of musicians during this period, including Donald Byrd, Sonny Clark, Ornette Coleman, Dexter Gordon, Billy Higgins, Freddie Hubbard, Grachan Moncur III, Bobby Hutcherson and Mal Waldron, among many others.

In 1962 he recorded "Let Freedom Ring" for Blue Note. This album was the culmination of attempts he had made over the years to deal with harmonic problems in jazz, incorporating ideas from the free jazz developments of Ornette Coleman, especially in soloing on his piece "Quadrangle," as seen in the difference between it and the version of "Quadrangle" on BST 4051, "Jackie's Bag", recorded in 1959. "Let Freedom Ring" began a period in which he performed with avant-garde jazz musicians rather than the veteran hard bop performers he had been playing with previously. His adaptation of modal jazz and free jazz innovations to his vision of hard bop made his recordings from 1962 on distinctive. In early 1964, he served six months in prison on drug charges.

McLean recorded with dozens of well-known musicians and had a gift for spotting talent. Saxophonist Tina Brooks, trumpeter Charles Tolliver, pianist Larry Willis, trumpeter Bill Hardman, and tubist Ray Draper were among those who benefited from McLean's support in the 1950s and 1960s. Drummers such as Tony Williams, Jack DeJohnette, Lenny White, Michael Carvin, and Carl Allen gained important early experience with McLean.

In 1967, his recording contract, like those of many other progressive musicians, was terminated by Blue Note's new management. His opportunities to record promised so little pay that he abandoned recording as a way to earn a living, concentrating instead on touring. In 1968, he began teaching at The Hartt School of the University of Hartford. He later set up the university's African American Music Department (now the Jackie McLean Institute of Jazz) and its Bachelor of Music degree in Jazz Studies program.

In 1970, he and his wife, Dollie McLean, founded the Artists Collective, Inc. of Hartford, an organization dedicated to preserving the art and culture of the African Diaspora. It provides educational programs and instruction in dance, theatre, music and visual arts. The membership of McLean's later bands were drawn from his students in Hartford, including Steve Davis and his stepson René, who is a jazz saxophonist and flautist as well as a jazz educator. Also, in McLean's Hartford group was Mark Berman, the jazz pianist and broadway conductor of Smokey Joe's Cafe and Rent.

He received an American Jazz Masters fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in 2001 and numerous other national and international awards. McLean was the only American jazz musician to found a department of studies at a University and a community based organization almost simultaneously. Each has existed for over three decades.

After a long illness, McLean died on March 31, 2006, in Hartford, Connecticut

Discography

;Prestige Records
*"The New Tradition
*4, 5 & 6
*Lights Out!
*Jackie's Pal
*McLean's Scene
*Jackie McLean And Co.
*A Long Drink of the Blues
*Strange Blues
*Makin' The Changes
*Alto Madness";Blue Note
*"Swing, Swang, Swingin"' (1959)
*"New Soil" (1959)
*"The Connection (Soundtrack)" (1960)
*"Capuchin Swing" (1960)
*"Bluesnik" (1961)
*"Jackie's Bag" (1961)
*"Let Freedom Ring" (1962)
*"One Step Beyond" (1963)
*"Destination...Out!" (1963)
*"Vertigo" (1963)
*"Action" (1964)
*"Jacknife" ("sic") (1965)
*"Right Now!" (1965)
*"Demon's Dance" (1967)
*"New and Old Gospel" (1968);SteepleChase
*"Ode to Super" (1973)
*"New York Calling" (1974)
*"Dr. Jackle" (1979; recorded in 1966)
*"Contour" (1980)
*"Dynasty" (1990)
*"Nature Boy" (2000)

Films

*"The Connection", as himself (Dir. Shirley Clarke)
*"Jackie McLean on Mars "(1980), as himself (Dir. Ken Levis)
*"Ken Burns' Jazz" (2000), as himself (Dir. Ken Burns)

References

External links

* [http://www.music-city.org/Jackie-McLean/discography/ Jackie McLean complete discography from Music City]
* [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=B6185 All Music Guide]
* [http://www.musicweb.uk.net/encyclopaedia/ MusicWeb]
* [http://www.iaje.org/bio.asp?ArtistID=2 NEA Jazz Masters]
* [http://artistscollective.org/history.htm Official history of the Artists Collective Inc.]
* [http://www.connectforkids.org/node/2702 History of the Artists Collective Inc.]
* [http://members.tripod.com/~hardbop/mclean.html Jackie McLean on the Hard Bop Home Page]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1745370,00.html Obituary in "The Guardian" (London) by John Fordham, April 3, 2006]
* [http://www.hartfordinfo.org/issues/documents/artsandculture/htfd_courant_040106_b.asp "Blues for Jackie," Obituary by Owen McNally in Hartford "Courant" (Hartford, CT) April 1, 2006]
* [http://www.jazzhistorydatabase.com/collections-old/williamson-interviews.html New England Jazz History Database - Audio Interviews]