Asher Levy

Asher Levy (?- 1680) was the spokesperson of the first Jewish settlement in the United States. They were the twenty-three Jews who left Recife, Brazil for New Amsterdam (now known as New York City) in 1654 on board the French ship "Sainte Catherine". Levy, along with Jacob Barsimson, was an advocate for the small Jewish community in New Amsterdam. He fought for the rights of the Jews, especially to bear arms, and won the right for the Jews to be on guard duty instead of paying a special tax.

Biography

Asher Levy was one of the first Jewish settlers of New Amsterdam, as New York City was known under the Dutch. Although it is not certain, he was probably born in Amsterdam. He is first mentioned as one of the Jews who went to New Netherlands in 1654. It is possible that he was among the refugees from Brazil, but more likely he arrived in New Amsterdam sometime prior to their arrival. No one knows when he was born, but he died in 1680.

In 1655, Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of the colony, was ordered to attack the Swedes on the Delaware, and accordingly issued orders for the enlistment of all adults. Several Jews, among whom was Asser Levy, appear to have been ready to serve; but the governor and council passed an ordinance "that Jews can not be permitted to serve as soldiers, but shall instead pay a monthly contribution for the exemption." Levy and his comrades at once refused to pay, and on November 5, 1655, petitioned for leave to stand guard like other burghers or to be relieved from the tax. The petition was rejected with the comment that if the petitioners were not satisfied with the law they might go elsewhere. Levy successfully appealed to Holland, and was subsequently permitted to do guard duty like other citizens.

Levy appears also as a prominent trader at Fort Orange (Albany). It is likely that he was responsible for the rebuke given to Stuyvesant by the directors in Holland during the same year because of his refusal to permit Jews to trade there. Levy was also one of the first licensed butchers in the colony. In 1657, the burgher right was made absolutely essential for certain trading privileges, and within two days of a notice to that effect Asser Levy appeared in court requesting to be admitted as a burgher. The officials expressed their surprise at such a request. The record reads: "The Jew claims that such ought not to be refused him as he keeps watch and ward like other burghers, showing a burgher's certificate from the city of Amsterdam that the Jew is a burgher there." The application was denied, but Levy at once brought the matter before Stuyvesant and the council, which, mindful of the previous experience, ordered that Jews should be admitted as burghers (April 21, 1657).

As early as 1661, Levy purchased real estate at Albany; he was also the earliest Jewish owner of real estate in New York City, his transactions there commencing in June 1662 with the purchase of land on South William street. Within ten years of his arrival Levy had become a man of consequence, and when, in 1664, the wealthiest inhabitants were summoned to lend the city money for fortifications against the English, he was the only Jew among them: he lent the city 100 florins.

It is as a litigant, however, that Levy figures most prominently in the Dutch records, his name often appearing for days in succession. He invariably argued his own case and was almost invariably successful. Only on two or three occasions did he figure as defendant. No other Jew seems to have had so many dealings with Christians, or to have been on more intimate terms with them. As a litigant he is named also in the records of Gravesend in 1674. Levy's trading relations extended to New England, and he frequently appeared as attorney for merchants in Holland. In 1671 he lent the money for building the first Lutheran church in New York. About 1678 he built a slaughter-house in the east end of what is now known as Wall Street, where he appears to have been the owner of a famous tavern.

Instead of being unpopular on account of his many lawsuits, the contrary seems to have been the case. The confidence reposed in his honesty by his Christian fellow citizens appears frequently from the court records. Property in litigation was put into his custody; he is named as executor in the wills of Christian merchants, and figures as both administrator and trustee in colonial records. His influence was not confined to New York; in the colonial records of Connecticut he appears as intervening to obtain the remission of a fine imposed upon a Jew there. The court remitted the fine with the comment that it did so "as a token of its respect to the said Mr. Asher Levy." He left a considerable estate, over which there was a long legal contest.

Memorials

* A street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York named Asser Levy Place
* A public bath house and swimming pool, on the east side of Asser Levy Place, named for Asher Levy (spelled Asser Levy Public Baths)
* A public park in Brooklyn, New York named for Asher Levy (spelled Asser Levy Park)
* New York City's PS 19, an elementary school in Manhattan, named the Asher Levy School

ee also

*Jewish history in Colonial America
*History of the Jews in the United States

References

* [http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/19155/Glimpses_Into_American_Jewish_History_%28Part_5%29.html August 3, 2005 The Jewish Press, Glimpses Into American Jewish History, August 3, 2005]

External links

*cite web
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url = http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/amsterdam.html
title = New Amsterdam's Jewish Crusader
work = Jewish Virtual Library
accessdate = 2007-07-03