Colmar

Colmar
For the town in Luxembourg, see Colmar-Berg.

Colmar
Colmar
Colmar 2008.jpg
Old town
Colmar is located in France
{{{alt}}}
Colmar
Administration
Country France
Region Alsace
Department Haut-Rhin
Arrondissement Colmar
Intercommunality Communauté d'agglomération de Colmar
Mayor Gilbert Meyer
(2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation 175–214 m (574–702 ft)
(avg. 197 m/646 ft)
Land area1 66.57 km2 (25.70 sq mi)
Population2 65,713  (2006)
 - Density 987 /km2 (2,560 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 68066/ 68000
Dialling code 0389
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 48°04′54″N 7°21′20″E / 48.08166667°N 7.35555556°E / 48.08166667; 7.35555556

Colmar (French: Colmar, pronounced: [kɔlmaʁ]; Alsatian: Colmer [ˈkolməʁ]; German: Colmar, between 1871–1918 and 1940–1945: Kolmar) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.

It is the capital of the department. Colmar is also the seat of the highest jurisdiction in Alsace, the appellate court.

It is situated along the Alsatian Wine Route and considers itself to be the "Capital of Alsatian Wine" (capitale des vins d'Alsace).

In 2006, the city of Colmar had a population of 65,713[1] and the metropolitan area of Colmar had a population of 120,367.[2] Colmar is the center of the arrondissement of Colmar, which has 144,700 inhabitants in 2006.[3]

Colmar is the home town of the painter and engraver Martin Schongauer and the sculptor Frédéric Bartholdi, who designed the Statue of Liberty. The city is renowned for its well preserved old town, its numerous architectural landmarks and its museums, among which is the Unterlinden Museum.

Contents

History

Colmar was founded in the 9th century. This was the location where Charles the Fat held a diet in 884. Colmar was granted the status of a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire in 1226. In 1575, the city adopted the Protestant Reformation, long after the northern neighbours of Strasbourg and Sélestat. During the Thirty Years' War, the city was taken by the armies of Sweden in 1632, who held it for two years. The city was conquered by France under Louis XIV in 1673.

In 1679 (Treaties of Nijmegen) Colmar was ceded to France. With the rest of Alsace, Colmar was annexed by the newly formed German Empire in 1871 as a result of the Franco-Prussian War. It returned to France after World War I, was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1940, and then reverted to French control after the battle of the "Colmar Pocket" in 1945. Colmar has been continuously governed by conservative parties since 1947, the Popular Republican Movement (1947–1977), the Union for French Democracy (1977–1995) and the Union for a Popular Movement (since 1995), and has had only three mayors during that time.

The Colmar Treasure, hidden during the Black Death, was discovered here in 1863.

Geography

The Lauch River running through Colmar

Colmar is 64 kilometres (40 mi) south-southwest of Strasbourg, at 48.08°N, 7.36°E, on the Lauch River, directly to the east of the Vosges Mountains. It is connected to the Rhine by a canal.

Climate

Colmar has a sunny microclimate and is the second driest city in France, with an annual precipitation of just 550 mm, making it ideal for Alsace wine. It is considered the capital of the Alsatian wine region.

Climate data for Colmar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 4
(39)		 6
(43)		 12
(54)		 15
(59)		 20
(68)		 23
(73)		 26
(79)		 26
(79)		 21
(70)		 16
(61)		 8
(46)		 6
(43)		 15.3
(59.5)
Average low °C (°F) −1
(30)		 −1
(30)		 2
(36)		 5
(41)		 9
(48)		 12
(54)		 14
(57)		 14
(57)		 10
(50)		 7
(45)		 2
(36)		 1
(34)		 6.2
(43.1)
Precipitation mm (inches) 25.5
(1.004)		 18.9
(0.744)		 22.5
(0.886)		 29.4
(1.157)		 42.7
(1.681)		 39.6
(1.559)		 45.1
(1.776)		 34.4
(1.354)		 38.5
(1.516)		 43.2
(1.701)		 29.7
(1.169)		 25.0
(0.984)		 394.5
(15.531)
Source: [4]

The dryness results from the town's location next to mountains which force clouds arriving from the west to rise, and much of their moisture to condense and fall as precipitation over the higher ground, leaving the air warmed and dried by the time it reaches Colmar.

Main sights

Mostly spared by the destructions of the French Revolution and the wars of 1870–1871, 1914–1918 and 1939–1945, the cityscape of old-town Colmar is homogenous and renowned among tourists. The area crossed by canals of the river Lauch, and which formerly served as the butcher's, tanner's and fishmonger's quarter, is now called "little Venice" (la Petite Venise). Colmar's cityscape (and neighbouring Riquewihr's) served for the design of the Japanese animated film Howl's Moving Castle.

Architectural landmarks

Maison Pfister. The house can easily be spotted in Howl's Moving Castle.
St Martin's Church, Colmar (Église Saint-Martin)
Martin Schongauer's "Virgin in a rose-garden" inside the Église des Dominicains
"Little Venice"
Musée Bartholdi
Water tower

Colmar's secular and religious architectural landmarks reflect eight centuries of Germanic and French architecture and the adaptation of their respective stylistic language to the local customs and building materials (pink and yellow Vosges sandstone, timber framing).

Secular buildings

  • Maison Adolph – 14th century (German Gothic)
  • Koifhus, also known as Ancienne Douane – 1480 (German Gothic)
  • Maison Pfister – 1537 (German Renaissance).
  • Ancien Corps de garde – 1575 (German Renaissance)
  • Maison des Chevaliers de Saint-Jean – 1608 (German Renaissance)
  • Maison des Têtes – 1609 (German Renaissance)
  • Poêle des laboureurs – 1626 (German Baroque)
  • Ancien Hôpital – 1736–1744 (French Classicism)
  • Tribunal de grande instance – 1771 (French Classicism)
  • Hôtel de ville – 1790 (French Classicism)
  • Cour d'Assises – 1840 (French Neoclassicism)
  • Théâtre municipal – 1849 (French Neoclassicism)
  • Marché couvert – 1865 (French Neo-Baroque). The city's covered market, built in stone, bricks and cast iron, still serves today.
  • Préfecture – 1866 (French Neo-Baroque)
  • Water tower – 1886. Oldest still preserved water tower in Alsace. Out of use since 1984.
  • Gare SNCF – 1905 (German Neo-Baroque)
  • Cour d'appel – 1906 (German Neo-Baroque)

Religious buildings

  • Église Saint-Martin – 1234–1365. The largest church of Colmar and one of the largest in Haut-Rhin. Displays some early stained glass windows, several Gothic and Renaissance sculptures and altars, a grand Baroque organ case. The choir is surrounded by an ambulatory opening on a series of Gothic chapels, a unique feature in Alsacian churches.
  • Église des Dominicains – 1289–1364. Now disaffected as a church, displays Martin Schongauer's masterwork La Vierge au buisson de roses as well as 14th century stained glass windows and baroque choir stalls. The adjacent convent buildings house a section of the municipal library.
  • Église Saint-Matthieu – 13th century. Gothic and Renaissance stained glass windows and mural paintings, as well as a wooden and painted ceiling.
  • Couvent des Antonins – 13th century. Disaffected church and convent buildings notable for a richly ornate cloister. Now housing the Unterlinden Museum (see below).
  • Église Sainte-Catherine – 1371. Disaffected church and convent buildings now used as an assembly hall and festival venue (Salle des Catherinettes).
  • Chapelle Saint-Pierre – 1742–1750. Classicist chapel of a former Jesuit college.
  • Synagogue – 1843 (Neoclassicism)

Fountains

  • Fontaine de l'Amiral Bruat – 1864 (Statue by Bartholdi)
  • Fontaine Roeselmann – 1888 (Statue by Bartholdi)
  • Fontaine Schwendi – 1898 (Statue by Bartholdi)

Monuments

  • Monument du Général Rapp – 1856 (first shown 1855 in Paris. Statue by Bartholdi, his earliest major work)
  • Monument Hirn – 1894 (Statue by Bartholdi)
  • Statue "Les grands soutiens du monde" − 1902 (in the courtyard of the Bartholdi Museum)
  • Statue of Liberty replica

Museums

  • Unterlinden Museum – one of the main museums in Alsace. Displays the Isenheim Altarpiece, a large collection of medieval, Renaissance and baroque Upper-Rhenish paintings and sculptures, archeological artefacts, design and international modern art.
  • Musée Bartholdi – the birthplace of Frédéric Bartholdi shows his life and work through paintings, drawings, family objects and furniture as well as numerous plaster, metal and stone sculptures. A section of the museum is further dedicated to the local Jewish community's heritage.
  • Musée d'histoire naturelle et d'ethnographie – the zoological and ethnographical museum of Colmar was founded in 1859. Besides a large collection of stuffed animals and artefacts from former French and German colonies in Africa and Polynesia, it also houses a collection of ancient Egyptian items.
  • Musée du jouet – the town's toy museum, founded 1993
  • Musée des usines municipales – industrial and technological museum in a former factory, dedicated to the history of everyday technology.

Library

The Municipal Library of Colmar (Bibliothèque municipale de Colmar) owns one of the richest collections of incunabula in France, with more than 2,300 volumes.[5] This is quite an exceptional number for a city that is neither the main seat of a university, nor of a college, and has its explanation in the disowning of local monasteries, abbeys and convents during the French Revolution and the subsequent gift of their collections to the town.

Transport

The small regional Colmar Airport serves Colmar.

The train station Gare de Colmar offers connections to Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Besançon, Zürich and several regional destinations. Colmar was also once linked to Freiburg im Breisgau, in Germany and on the other side of the Rhine, by the Freiburg–Colmar international railway. However the railway bridge over the Rhine between Breisach and Neuf-Brisach was destroyed in 1945 and never replaced.

Education

Colmar shares the Université de Haute-Alsace with the neighbouring, larger city of Mulhouse. Of the approximately 8,000 students of the UHA, circa 1,500 study at the Institut universitaire de technologie (IUT) Colmar, at the Colmar branch of the Faculté des Sciences et Techniques and at the Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire d'Enseignement Professionalisé Supérieur (UFR P.E.P.S.).

Music

Since 1980, Colmar is home to the international summer festival of classical music Festival de Colmar (also known as Festival international de musique classique de Colmar). In its first version (1980 to 1989), it was placed under the artistic direction of the German conductor Karl Münchinger. Since 1989, it is helmed by the Russian violinist and conductor Vladimir Spivakov.

Economy

Colmar: capital of Alsatian wines
Liebherr in Colmar
Maison des têtes

Colmar is an affluent city whose primary economic strength lies in the flourishing tourist industry. But it is also the seat of several large companies: Timken (European seat), Liebherr (French seat), Leitz (French seat), Capsugel France (A division of Pfizer) ...

Every year since 1947, Colmar is host to what is now considered as the biggest annual commercial event as well as the largest festival in Alsace,[6] the Foire aux vins d'Alsace (Alsacian wine fair).

When Air Alsace existed, its head office was on the grounds of Colmar Airport.[7]

Notable people

The following people were born in Colmar:

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Twin towns — Sister cities

Colmar is twinned with:

See also

Flag of France.svg France portal

References

  1. ^ Commune : Colmar (68066) on INSEE
  2. ^ Aire urbaine 1999 : Colmar (067) on INSEE
  3. ^ Arrondissement : Colmar (682) on INSEE
  4. ^ (English) "Données climatologiques de Colmar". http://meteo.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:FRXX0034&q=Colmar%2c+Haut-Rhin+forecast:averagesm. 
  5. ^ http://www.colmar.fr/culture/bibliotheque-centrale.html
  6. ^ History of the Wine fair (French)
  7. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 13 February 1975. 247.

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Colmar — Colmar …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Colmar — Escudo …   Wikipedia Español

  • COLMAR — COLMAR, capital of Haut Rhin department, E. France, in Germany until 1681. Jews probably settled in Colmar toward the middle of the 13th century; they are mentioned as living there in a document from 1278. In 1279, the synagogue was destroyed by… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • COLMAR — La première mention de Colmar se trouve dans un document de 832: le Fiscus Columbarium est une grande propriété des empereurs carolingiens. Au IXe siècle, cette propriété est une villa , où les souverains résident à plusieurs reprises. En 884,… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • colmar — verbo transitivo 1. Llenar (una persona) [un recipiente] hasta los bordes: No se puede colmar la cazuela para ponerla al fuego. 2. Llenar (una cosa) [ …   Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española

  • colmar — Se conjuga como: amar Infinitivo: Gerundio: Participio: colmar colmando colmado     Indicativo   presente imperfecto pretérito futuro condicional yo tú él, ella, Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, Uds. colmo colmas colma colmamos colmáis colman… …   Wordreference Spanish Conjugations Dictionary

  • Colmar — Nom porté en Normandie (76, 27), rencontré aussi sous les formes Colmard, Collemare, Collemarre, Colemard. Semble désigner celui qui est originaire de Colmare, hameau de la commune d Yquebeuf (76). Le rapprochement avec la ville de Colmar est… …   Noms de famille

  • Colmar — Colmar, Stadt, so v. w. Kolmar …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Colmar — Colmar, Stadt, s. Kolmar …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Colmar — Colmar. 1) C. im Elsaß, Hauptstadt des Bez. Oberelsaß und des Kr. C., an der Lauch, (1900) 36.844 E., Garnison, Oberlandes , Land , Amtsgericht, Handelskammer, Gymnasium, 2 kath. Lehrerseminare, Dom; Spinnereien, Webereien, Gerbereien,… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • colmar — v. tr. 1. Cobrir de colmo. 2. Encher. 3. Conceder com abundância. 4. Rematar. 5. Completar. 6. Elevar ao ponto mais alto. • adj. 2 g. 7. Espécie de pera serôdia.   ‣ Etimologia: colmo + ar …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”