Communications in Pakistan

Telecommunications in Pakistan describes the overall environment for the growing mobile telecommunications, telephone, and Internet markets in Pakistan.

In 2008 Pakistan was the world’s third fastest growing telecommunications market. Pakistan's telecom infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments into fixed-line and mobile networks; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth.^[1]

Regulatory Environment

The Telecommunications Ordnance of 1994 created the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), Pakistan's first independent telecommunications regulator, and the Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd (PTCL), a state-owned monopoly.^[2]

Due to a lack of competition, local telephone call rates were high and international call rates were even higher. During the 1990s, a call to United States cost $5 per minute (300PkRs per minute), which was not affordable for most of the population. In addition customer service was poor; fixing a problem might take 10 to 15 days. Despite this, consumers had to stick with PTCL, as they had no other options.

This prompted the government to take a series of actions to improve the service by opening the telecommunications market.^[3] This was critical, but required a fine balance because opening the market and preserving PTCL were both important for the government.

In July 2003 the government introduced a Deregulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector,^[4] which allowed and encouraged foreign companies to invest in the Pakistani telecommunications market.^[2] The centerpiece of the deregulation was the establishment of two categories of basic services licenses: Local loop (LL), for fixed line telecommunication within the 14 PTCL regions, and Long-distance and International (LDI), for connectivity between regions.” Two sets of criteria set by the regulatory authorities must be met before an operator is allowed to start operation: one for the issuance of a license and another for the maintenance of service quality.

In 2006, Etisalat International Pakistan, a wholly owned subsidiary of Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, purchased a 26% stake in PTCL and assumed management control of the company.^[5]

Pakistan's telecommunications infrastructure includes: Microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks. International links include: landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems (*AMK) that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; 3 Intelsat satellite earth stations (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (2 at Karachi and 1 at Islamabad); and microwave radio relay to neighboring countries.^[6]

(*AMK) : Now IMEWE of PTCL and TWA-1 of Transworld (Private Operator) also successfully working in Karachi, Pakistan.

Perception survey

LIRNEasia's Telecommunications Regulatory Environment (TRE) index summarizes stakeholders’ perception of the regulatory and policy environment and provides insight into how conducive the environment is for further development and progress. The most recent survey was conducted in July 2008 in eight Asian countries, including Pakistan. The tool measured seven dimensions: (i) market entry; (ii) access to scarce resources; (iii) interconnection; (iv) tariff regulation; (v) anti-competitive practices; (vi) universal services; and (vii) quality of service; for the fixed, mobile, and broadband sectors.^[1]

The survey found that in Pakistan the mobile sector was most active, followed by broadband; while the fixed-line sector remained somewhat static. The parameters that improved compared to the 2006 survey were: interconnection, tariff regulation, regulation of anti-competitive practices, and universal service obligation in the mobile sector; and market entry, interconnection, regulation of anti-competitive practices and universal service obligation in the fixed sector. Market entry received a low score in the mobile sector due to the perception that the cost of a new or renewal mobile license was prohibitive, thus posing a serious barrier to entry. However, this conclusion may have been incorrect, as the license fee, at least in the case of renewal by Mobilink GSM, was paid in installments over a period of three years. Thus, lack of complete information on the part of survey participants may have skewed the results.^[1][7]

Mobile telecommunications

Further information: List of mobile phone companies in Pakistan

In January 2004 the Ministry of Information Technology issued its Mobile Cellular Policy with objectives to:^[8]

1. Promote efficient use of radio spectrum;
2. Increase choice for customers of cellular mobile services at competitive and affordable prices;
3. Encourage private investment in the cellular mobile sector;
4. Recognize of the rights and obligations of mobile cellular operators;
5. Provide for fair competition among mobile and fixed line operators; and
6. Provide an effective and well defined regulatory regime that is consistent with international best practices.

The mobile telecommunications sector is seeing very large year-to-year growth in Pakistan. Approximately 90 percent of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage and more than half of all Pakistanis have access to a cell phone.^[6] With 108 million mobile subscribers in April 2011, Pakistan has the highest mobile penetration rate in the South Asian region.^[9]

According to the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), Mobilink continues to lead the market with 32.9 million subscribers, followed by Telenor with 26.1 million, Ufone with 20.4 million, Warid Telecom with 18.1 million, and Zong with 10.3 million.^[9] All telecom companies are working to broaden their networks in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Northern Areas, which were largely ignored until recently. Five of the seven Agencies of the tribal areas have mobile coverage.^[10]

Fixed-line telephones

Fixed-line subscriptions declined from a peak of 5.2 million in 2005-06 to 3.4 million in 2009-10.^[9]

When dialing on landlines, calls made within cities are considered local calls and you just dial the local number. Calls to other cities (e.g. Karachi to Lahore) are considered long distance calls, e.g., when dialing to Lahore from Karachi you have to dial the code for Lahore then followed by the number of the destination, therefore you dial 042-XXXX-XXXX. For international calls, you dial "00" followed by the country code, e.g., for calls to the UK from Pakistan you dial 00 - 44 - XXXXXX.

The country code for Pakistan is 92.^[6]

See also

• Universal Service Fund Pakistan

• List of dialing codes of Pakistan
• Telephone numbers in Pakistan
• List of mobile network operators in Pakistan

• Internet in Pakistan
• List of Internet service providers in Pakistan
• Internet censorship in Pakistan

• Media in Pakistan
• Television in Pakistan
• List of television stations in Pakistan
• List of Urdu language television channels
• List of Pakistani radio channels

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Joseph Wilson (22 January 2009). "Telecom Regulatory and Policy Environment in Pakistan: Results and Analysis of the 2008 TRE Survey". LIRNEasia. http://lirneasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/TRE_Pakistan-Final_2009Jan22.pdf. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Telecommunication Laws in Pakistan", Bilal Sarwari, Pakistan Law website, 24 October 2009
3. ^ "Pakistan: Birth Of A Telecom Revolution", Bloomberg Businessweek, 31 January 2005
4. ^ De-Regulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector, Ministry of Information Technology, Government of Pakistan, July 2003
5. ^ "Etisalat to pay $800m for PTCL stake: Waqar", Reuters, The Nation, 28 January 2010
6. ^ ^{a b c} "Pakistan Country Report", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, United States, 14 June 2011
7. ^ Pakistan Telecommunications Authority. TQR Dec. 07, page 2.
8. ^ Mobile Cellular Policy, Ministry of Information Technology, 28 January 2004
9. ^ ^{a b c} "Telecom Indicators", Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, 3 June 2011
10. ^ "Celluar company launches service in S Waziristan", Daily Times, Lahore, Pakistan, 24 March 2009

External links

• Pakistan Telecommunication Coverage Footprint (maps), Pakistan Telecommunication Authority