Richard III (1995 film)

Infobox Film
name = Richard III


caption =
director = Richard Loncraine
producer = Stephen Bayly
Lisa Katselas Paré
eproducer = Maria Apodiacos
Ellen Dinerman Little
Ian McKellen
Joe Simon
aproducer = Mary Richards
Michele Tandy
writer = William Shakespeare "(play)"
Ian McKellen
Richard Loncraine
starring = Ian McKellen
Annette Bening
Jim Broadbent
Robert Downey Jr.
music = Trevor Jones
cinematography = Peter Biziou
editing = Paul Green
distributor = United Artists
released = 29 December 1995
runtime = 104 min
country = UK/USA
awards =
language = English
budget = £6,000,000
preceded_by =
followed_by =
amg_id = 1:135563
imdb_id = 0114279

"Richard III" is a 1995 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play "of the same name", starring Sir Ian McKellen, Annette Bening, Jim Broadbent, Robert Downey Jr., Nigel Hawthorne, Kristin Scott Thomas, Dame Maggie Smith, John Wood and Dominic West.

The film relocates the play's events to a fictional version of England in what appears to be a fascist-inspired 1930s. Albeit including many historical anachronisms, the film's timing is easily recognizable to viewers.

Concept

The film's concept was based on a stage production directed by Richard Eyre for the Royal National Theatre, which also starred McKellen. The production was adapted for the screen by McKellen and directed by Richard Loncraine.

The film is notable for its unconventional use of famous English landmarks, often using special effects to move them to new locations. The transformed landmarks used include the following:
*St Pancras railway station is relocated to Westminster and becomes King Edward's seat of government.
*Battersea Power Station is relocated to the coast of Kent and becomes a bombed-out military base.
*Bankside Power Station becomes the Tower of London where Clarence is imprisoned.
*Brighton Pavilion is relocated to a coastal clifftop and becomes King Edward's country retreat.
*Senate House of the University of London is Richard's seat of government and is used for interior and exterior scenes. [http://www.mckellen.com/galleries/60.htm Ian McKellen "Richard III" photo gallery] ] The famous art deco facade and clock of Shell Mex House is also featured in exterior shots.

Perhaps the play's most famous line—"A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!"—was recontextualised by the new setting; during the climactic battle, Richard's scout car becomes stuck, and his lament is cast as a plea for a mode of transport with legs rather than wheels.

Fitting the unconventional interpretation is also the 1930s-style music by Trevor Jones; the lyrics of the opening song, performed by Stacey Kent, are a poem by Christopher Marlowe. In a surprising ending, where Richard refuses to be captured and leaps down to his death with the "wrong" closing line "Let us to't pell-mell; if not to heaven, then hand-in-hand to hell", his falling into the inferno is followed by the eerily upbeat tune "I'm Sitting On The Top Of The World" (Ray Henderson, Joe Young and Sam Lewis) in the classic version sung by Al Jolson.

The film enlarges the role of the Duchess of York considerably by combining her character with that of Queen Margaret.

Cast

*Ian McKellen as King Richard III
*Annette Bening as Queen Elizabeth
*Jim Broadbent as The Duke of Buckingham
*Robert Downey Jr. as Earl Rivers
*Nigel Hawthorne as The Duke of Clarence
*Kristin Scott Thomas as Lady Anne
*John Wood as King Edward IV
*Maggie Smith as The Duchess of York
*Jim Carter as Baron Hastings
*Edward Hardwicke as Lord Stanley
*Adrian Dunbar as James Tyrrell
*Tres Hanley as Rivers' Mistress
*Dominic West as 'The Earl of Richmond
*Roger Hammond as The Archbishop
*Tim McInnerny as William Catesby
*Stacey Kent as Ballroom Singer

ee also

* Richard III for a list of other film adaptations of the play

References

External links

* [http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/richard McKellen's website about the film] including an annotated copy of the screenplay.
*imdb title|id=0114279|title=Richard III
* [http://stagework.org.uk/mckellen Interactive video interview with McKellen on Shakespeare, Richard III and Richard's opening speech.] Includes McKellen introducing a clip from his film.