Mausoleum

Mausoleum
Taj Mahal, in Agra, India is the world's most famous and most photographed mausoleum.
The entrance to Higashi Otani Mausoleum in Kyoto, Japan.
Habib Bourguiba's mausoleum in Monastir, Tunisia.
Kumsusan Memorial Palace, Kim Il Sung's mausoleum in Pyongyang, North Korea.
The interior of the Spring Valley Mausoleum in Minnesota, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

A mausoleum[1] is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel.

Contents

Overview

The word derives from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often ranged in necropoleis or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for miles outside Rome. However, the practice fell out of use when Christianity became dominant.[2]

Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during the early modern and modern periods. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land.

In the United States, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In 2010, a woman was discovered to have exhumed her deceased husband and twin sister, and was keeping the remains in her Wyalusing, Pennsylvania home. Authorities advised that the only legal way for her to keep the remains on her premises, is to erect a mausoleum.[3]

Notable mausolea

Main article: List of mausolea

Africa

  • The Dr. John Garang De Mabior mausoleum in Juba, South Sudan.
  • The Mastaba
  • The pyramids of ancient Egypt and Nubia are also types of mausolea.
  • Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
  • Al Hussein Mosque, Cairo – a Holy Shrine and Mausoleum, where it is believed by some that the head of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's grandson is buried.
  • Qalawun Mausoleum is the Mausoleum of Qalawun, Located in Cairo, Egypt, it was regarded by scholars as the second most beautiful medieval mausoleum ever to be built.
  • Dr. Bingu Wamutarika , President of Malawi built a mausoleum for his late first wife in 2010. It has two graves,one has been used. It is not clear who is going to rest in the other one.

Asia, eastern

Asia, western

Europe

North America

Oceania

Latin America

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ The plurals mausoleums and mausolea are equally correct in English.
  2. ^ Paul Veyne, in A History of Private Life: I. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium, Veyne, ed. (Harvard University Press) 1987:416.
  3. ^ Michael Rubinkam (04 January 2011). "Pa. widow builds vault, could get corpses back". Associated Press. http://www.todayonline.com/BreakingNews/EDC110104-0000471/Pa,-widow-builds-vault,-could-get-corpses-back. Retrieved 10 January 2011. 
  4. ^ al-Qummi, Ja'far ibn Qūlawayh (2008). Kāmil al-Ziyārāt. trans. Sayyid Mohsen al-Husaini al-Mīlāni. Shiabooks.ca Press. p. 63. 

External links


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  • Mausoleum — Sn prächtiges Grabmal per. Wortschatz fach. (17. Jh.) Onomastische Bildung. Entlehnt aus l. Mausōlēum, dieses aus gr. Maus(s)ṓleion, zum Eigennamen gr. Maús(s)ōlos. Zunächst Bezeichnung des prächtigen Grabmals, das die Witwe des Königs Mausolos… …   Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache

  • Mausoleum — Mausoleum, ein architektonisch und räumlich hervorragendes Grabdenkmal. Der Name flammt von dem Grabdenkmal des Königs Mausolos zu Halikarnaß in Kleinasien, das ihm von seiner Witwe Artemisia um 350 v. Chr. errichtet, wegen seiner Größe und… …   Lexikon der gesamten Technik

  • Mausoleum — Mau so*le um, n.; pl. E. {Mausoleums}, L. { lea}. [L. mausoleum, Gr. ?, fr. ? Mausolus, king of Caria, to whom Artemisia, his widow, erected a stately monument, one of the wonders of the ancient world.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • mausoleum — (n.) magnificent tomb, 1540s, from L. mausoleum, from Gk. Mausoleion, name of the massive marble tomb built 353 B.C.E. at Halicarnassus (Greek city in Asia Minor) for Mausolos, Persian satrap who made himself king of Caria. It was built by his… …   Etymology dictionary

  • Mausoleum — Mausoleum: Die Bezeichnung für »monumentales Grabmal« wurde um 1600 aus gleichbed. lat. Mausoleum entlehnt, das seinerseits aus griech. Mausō̓leion übernommen ist. Das griech. Wort bezeichnete zunächst nur das berühmte Grabmal des Königs… …   Das Herkunftswörterbuch

  • Mausolēum — (Ant.), 1) ein wegen seiner Pracht unter die Wunderwerke der Welt gezähltes Grabmal, dem karischen König Mausolos (s.d.) zum Andenken von dessen Gemahlin Artemisia in Halikarnassos erbaut (351 v. Chr.); war 140 Fuß hoch, 36 korinthische Säulen… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Mausolēum — (griech.), ursprünglich das Grabmal, das dem König Mausolos (in schriftlich Mausollos) von Karien seine Gemahlin Artemisia in Halikarnassos errichten ließ. Es bestand aus einem hohen viereckigen Unterbau, der einen Umfang von 129 m hatte und ein… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Mausoleum — Mausolēum, das dem karischen König Mausōlus (Maussollos, 377 353 v. Chr.) von seiner Gattin Artemisia zu Halikarnassos errichtete prachtvolle Grabmal (Ausgrabungen 1857); daher heute noch Name für prächtige, meist fürstl. Grabmäler (z.B. im… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Mausoleum — Mausoleum, siehe Artemisia …   Damen Conversations Lexikon

  • Mausoleum — Mausoleum, ursprünglich das prachtvolle Grabmal des karischen Königs Mausolus zu Halikarnaß; jetzt überhaupt = ein größeres Grabmal …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • MAUSOLEUM — quid proprie, vide in voce Artemisia. item Mausolus I. De eo sic Plin. l. 36. c. 5. Sepulchrum hoc est ab uxore Artemisia factum Mausolo Cariae Regulo Opus id ut esset inter septem miraculae, ii maxime Artifices fecêre. Patet ab Austro et… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

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