Chevrolet Camaro

Chevrolet Camaro

1968 Chevrolet Camaro 2010 Chevrolet Camaro
Manufacturer	Chevrolet
Production	1966–2002 2009–present
Model years	1967–2002 2010–present
Class	Pony car Muscle car
Body style	2-door coupe 2-door convertible
Layout	FR layout
Platform	F-body (1967–2002) Zeta platform (2010–present)
Related	Pontiac Firebird

The Chevrolet Camaro is an automobile manufactured by General Motors under the Chevrolet brand, classified as a pony car^[1][2] and some versions also as a muscle car.^[3][4] It went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang. The car shared its platform and major components with the Pontiac Firebird, also introduced for 1967.

Four distinct generations of the Camaro were developed before production ended in 2002. The nameplate was revived again on a concept car that evolved into the fifth-generation Camaro; production started on March 16, 2009.^[5]

Background

Before any official announcement, reports began running during April 1965 within the automotive press that Chevrolet was preparing a competitor to the Ford Mustang, code-named Panther.^[6] On June 21, 1966, around 200 automotive journalists received a telegram from General Motors stating, "...Please save noon of June 28 for important SEPAW meeting. Hope you can be on hand to help scratch a cat. Details will follow...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet Public Relations – SEPAW Secretary." The following day, the same journalists received another General Motors telegram stating, "Society for the Eradication of Panthers from the Automotive World will hold first and last meeting on June 28...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet Public Relations SEPAW Secretary." These telegrams puzzled the automotive journalists.

On June 28, 1966, General Motors held a live press conference in Detroit’s Statler-Hilton Hotel. It would be the first time in history that 14 cities were hooked up in real time for a press conference via telephone lines. Chevrolet General Manager Pete Estes started the news conference stating that all attendees of the conference were charter members of the Society for the Elimination of Panthers from the Automotive World and that this would be the first and last meeting of SEPAW. Estes then announced a new car line, project designation XP-836, with a name that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter C such as the Corvair, Chevelle, Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, "suggests the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should be to its owner" and that "to us, the name means just what we think the car will do... Go!" The new Camaro name was then unveiled. Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, "What is a Camaro?" and were told it was "a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs."^[7]

The Camaro was first shown at a press preview in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1966, and then later in Los Angeles, California, on September 19, 1966. The Camaro officially went on sale in dealerships on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year.

First generation: 1967–1969

Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (first generation)

A first-generation Camaro

First-generation Camaro debuted in September 1966, for the 1967 model year, up to 1969 on a new rear-wheel drive GM F-body platform and would be available as a 2-door, 2+2 seating, coupe or convertible with a choice of 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 and 302 cu in (4.9 L), 307 cu in (5.0 L), 327 cu in (5.4 L), 350 cu in (5.7 L), or 396 cu in (6.5 L) V8 powerplants. Concerned with the runaway success of the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet executives realized that their compact sporty car, the Corvair, would not be able to generate the sales volume of the Mustang due to its rear-engine design, as well as declining sales, partly due to the bad publicity from Ralph Nader's book, Unsafe at Any Speed. Therefore, the Camaro was touted as having the same conventional rear-drive, front-engine configuration as Mustang and Chevy II Nova. In addition, the Camaro was designed to fit a variety of power plants in the engine bay. The first-generation Camaro would last until the 1969 model year and would eventually inspire the design of the new retro fifth-generation Camaro.

Second generation: 1970–1981

Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (second generation)

A second-generation Camaro

Introduced in February 1970, the second-generation Camaro was produced through the 1981 model year, with cosmetic changes made in 1974 and 1978 model years. The car was heavily restyled and became somewhat larger and wider with the new styling. Still based on the F-body platform, the new Camaro was similar to its predecessor, with a unibody structure, front subframe, an A-arm front suspension and leaf springs to control the solid rear axle. Road & Track magazine picked the 1971 SS350 as one of the 10 best cars in the world in August 1971. RS, SS and Z28 performance packages gradually disappeared.

A second-generation Camaro

The Z28 package was reintroduced in mid-year 1977, largely in response to enthusiast demand as well as the remarkable success of its corporate stablemate, the Pontiac Trans Am. 1980 and 1981 Z28s included an air induction hood scoop, with an intake door that opened under full throttle.

A 1977 Camaro Z28 reentered the limelight in the box office hit movie, "Transformers" as an Autobot character named “Bumblebee”, Sam Witwicky’s (Shia LaBeouf) first car.^[8] One of the most important heroes in the film, Bumblebee was sold on eBay (on July 18 2008) for just over $40,000 USD with proceeds going to charity.

Third generation: 1982–1992

Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)

A third-generation Camaro

The third-generation Camaro was produced from 1982 to 1992. These were the first Camaros to offer modern fuel injection, Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4 four-speed automatic transmissions, five speed manual transmissions, 16 inch wheels, a standard 4-cylinder engine,^[9] and hatchback bodies. The cars were nearly 500 pounds (227 kg) lighter than the second generation model.

The IROC-Z (the IROC stands for International Race of Champions) was introduced in 1985 and continued through 1990. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Regulations required a CHMSL (Center High Mounted Stop Lamp) starting with the 1986 model year. For 1986, the new brake light was located on the exterior of the upper center area of the back hatch glass. For 1987 and later, the CHMSL was either mounted inside the upper hatch glass, or integrated into a rear spoiler (if equipped). In 1987, the L98 5.7 L V8 engine became an option on the IROC-Z, paired with an automatic transmission. The "20th Anniversary Commemorative Edition" was offered in 1987, as well as a "25th Anniversary Heritage Package" in 1992 that included a 305 cu in (5.0 L) High Output engine. Beginning in 1988, the 1LE performance package was introduced, optional on street models and for showroom stock racing in the U.S. and Canada. The B4C or "police" package was made available beginning in 1991. This basically created a Z28 in more subtle RS styling.

Fourth generation: 1993–2002

Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (fourth generation)

A fourth-generation Camaro

The fourth-generation Camaro debuted in 1993 on an updated F-body platform. It retained the same characteristics since its introduction in 1967: a coupe body style with 2+2 seating (with an optional T-top roof) or convertible (introduced in 1994), rear-wheel drive, and a choice of V6 and V8 engines. The standard powerplant from 1993-1995 was a 3.4 liter V6. A more powerful 3.8 liter V6 was introduced as an option in 1995 and made standard in 1996. The LT1 V-8 engine, which was introduced in the Corvette in 1992, was standard in the Z28. Optional equipment included all-speed traction control and a new six-speed T-56 manual transmission; a four-speed automatic transmission was also available. Anti-lock brakes were standard equipment on all Camaros. The 1997 model year included a revised interior, and the 1998 models included exterior styling changes, and a switch to GM's aluminum block LS1 used in the Corvette C5. The Camaro remained in production through the 2002 model year, marking 35 years of continuous production. Production of the F-Body platform was stopped due to slowing sales, a deteriorating market for sports coupes, and plant overcapacity.^[10][11]

Fifth generation: 2010–present

Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

2010 Chevrolet Camaro 1LT

Based on the 2006 Camaro Concept^[12] and 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept, production of the fifth-generation Camaro was approved on 10 August 2006. Oshawa Car Assembly produces the new Camaro ^[13] which went on sale in spring of 2009 as a 2010 model year vehicle.^[14][15] The fifth-generation Camaro was engineered by General Motors Holden in Melbourne, Australia, and is based on the highly-successful GM Holden Zeta RWD platform.

Production of the coupe began on March 16, 2009, in LS, LT, and SS trim levels.^[16][17] LS and LT models are powered by a 3.6 L (220 cu in) V6 producing 304 hp (227 kW) (or 312hp for the 2011 model) mated to either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed automatic with manual shift. The SS is powered by the 6.2 L (376 cu in) LS3 V8 producing 426 hp (318 kW) and is paired with a 6-speed manual. The automatic SS gets the L99 V8 with 400 hp (300 kW). The RS appearance package is available on both the LT and SS and features 20-inch wheels with a darker gray tone, halo rings around xenon headlamps, a unique spoiler, and red RS or SS badges. For the 2012 model year, several changes have been made to the Camaro line. The "Jewel Red Tintocoat" color has been replaced by a color known as "Crystal Red Tintcoat" and the "Synergy Green" color option was removed. The V6 is updated to a 3.6L engine named "LFX" that has an output of 323 horsepower. The SS model has also received an upgrade to the suspension system, with an engine update in the makings. All Camaro models from 1LS to 2SS are now outfitted with standard RS spoiler, and Taillight details. Also, wheel-mounted volume and radio controls are standard, as well as Bluetooth connectivity controls. Some minor modifications, such as a revised steering wheel design and updated instrument panels keep the interior up to speed with the other updates. Chevrolet announced the new 2012 ZL1 Camaro, it will have a 6.2L LSA supercharged V8 and will produce 580hp. The LSA motor is the same used in the Cadillac CTS-V and makes it the fastest production Camaro ever produced. Some other features include 2-stage exhaust, addition of suede to seats, steering wheel and shift knob, and LT1-exclusive 20" aluminum wheels.

On April 1, 2010, the Camaro was named the World Car Design of the Year at the World Car of the Year Awards.^[18]

In late January 2011, the production of (est.) 600 2011 Camaro Convertibles started. The first going to Rick Hendrick via Barret-Jackson Car Auction. Convertibles had the same options as the coupe (engines, RS, SS, etc.). The Camaro Convertible features an aluminum brace over the engine assembly, and under the transmission. Due to the 2011 Fukushima earthquake, certain pigment colors were not available to make certain colors for both the coupe and convertible.

On November 2011, the export version (excluding Japanese version) of Camaro will be introduced after two-year delay. The delay is due to several factors, including the unexpected high demand and strained production capacity. The export version has completely different taillamps with integrated reverse and amber turn signal lamps, larger external rear view mirrors with integrated side turn signal repeaters, "cleaner" rear bumper appearance (without reverse light inserts), and a few other changes as to comply with ECE regulations.^[19]

Racing

Camaros racing in the 1976 Camaro Cup at Ring Knutstorp in Sweden

Vintage Trans-Am racing of today.

The Camaro was one of the vehicles in the SCCA-sanctioned Trans-Am Series. Chevrolet worked with Roger Penske to operate their unofficially factory-backed Trans Am team, winning the title in 1968 and 1969 with Mark Donohue. Jim Hall's Chaparral team replaced Penske for the 1970 season. Warren Agor of Rochester, NY, was the series' leading Camaro privateer, his orange #13's o, 1993, 1994, and 1998.

There was also another SCCA Trans-Am Series Camaro that was not popular because of racing but because of its body modifications. This Camaro, number 13, had been built and driven by Henry “Smokey” Yunick. Smokey Yunick was a car builder who worked to reduce the weight of his cars by acid-dipping body parts and installing thinner safety glass.

The Penske/Donohue Camaros also had the front sheet metal dropped, all four fenders widened, windshield laid back, front sub-frame “Z’d” to lower the car, the floor pan moved up and even the drip-rails were moved closer to the body. This Camaro had always kept its stock look and had a 302 engine that was able to produce 482 horsepower. This Camaro had later on been bought by Vic Edelbrock. At this time he put it to use as a test car for new age Chevy small block performance part. One part that had come out of his testing was the Edelbrock Cross-Manifold. To this day the Smokey Yunick 1968 Camaro is owned by Vic Edelbrock Jr.

Camaro Cup race car

Bob Jane won both the 1971 and 1972 Australian Touring Car Championships at the wheel of a Camaro.^[20]

The Camaro was the official car of and used in the International Race of Champions starting in 1975 and lasting for 12 years until 1989. It was the first American car of the series succeeding the Porsche Carrera RSR.

Today, Camaros are raced in many forms of auto racing throughout the world. They are a favorite in drag racing and can be currently found in several series from the National Hot Rod Association, International Hot Rod Association, and United States Hot Rod Association. Road racing Camaros can currently be found in the Sports Car Club of America's American Sedan series. They have also been the vehicle used in the Swedish Camaro Cup series since 1975.

The Camaro was the Indianapolis 500 Pace Car in 1967, 1969, 1982, 1993, 2009, 2010, and 2011. The Camaro also paced races at Daytona, Watkins Glen, Mosport in Canada, and Charlotte Motor Speedway.

The Camaro was also a regular in the IMSA GT Series.

The fifth-generation Camaro is expected to take to the tracks in 2010 in the GT class of the Grand Am Road Racing Championship. Stevenson Motorsports has announced it is seeking to run a two-car team of Pratt & Miller built cars, based on the same spaceframe as the Pontiac GXP-R.^[21] The team also competes with Camaros in the Grand Sports class of the Grand-Am's Continental Tire Challenge.^[22]

Notable appearances

Bumblebee depicted as a 1977 Z28 and 5th-gen Camaro 2010 and 2012 variants.

General Motors has made product placement, or embedded marketing, deals for the Chevrolet Camaro in numerous media.^[23][24]

One of the more popular movie Camaros was a black 1967 model driven by actor John Cusack in the 1985 film Better Off Dead.^[25]

The vehicle mode of the fictional character Bumblebee in the 2007 film, Transformers, is first depicted as a 1977 Camaro^[26] and later a fifth-generation concept variant. A modified fifth-generation Camaro reprises the role of Bumblebee in the sequels, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.^[27]

References

1. ^ Holder, William G.; Kunz, Phillip (1995). Camaro. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 9. ISBN 9780760300923. http://books.google.com/books?id=9iX9OHJfLVYC&pg=PA9&dq=Camaro+history+%22pony+car%22. Retrieved 23 February 2011. 
2. ^ "Chevy Camaro, Dodge Challenger, and Ford Mustang in pony-car showdown". AutoWeek. 2009. http://www.autoweek.com/article/20090611/VIDEOREVIEWS/906119983. Retrieved 2010-07-20. 
3. ^ Siler, Wes (2009-06-24). "Muscle Car Wars: Camaro vs. Challenger vs. Mustang". Jalopnik. Gawker Media. http://jalopnik.com/5302090/muscle-car-wars-camaro-vs-challenger-vs-mustang. Retrieved 2010-07-20. 
4. ^ Stone, Matt; Mead, Scott (March 2009). "Comparison: 2002 Chevrolet Camaro SS vs 2001 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra". Motor Trend. http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupes/112_0112_camaro_ss_mustang_cobra_comparison/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-20. 
5. ^ "Auto Buyers Have Spoken: GM Will Build An All-New Chevrolet Camaro". GM Media Online. 2006-08-10. Archived from the original on 2007-02-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20070225053150/http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emerald.gm.com/gmnews/viewmonthlyreleasedetail.do?domain=3&docid=27934. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
6. ^ Settlemire, Scott. "The Day the Panther Died". GMnext. General Motors. Archived from the original on 2008-10-13. http://wiki.gmnext.com/wiki/index.php/The_Day_the_Panther_Died. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
7. ^ Biggs, Henry (2006-02-03). "Top 10: Muscle cars". MSN Cars UK. http://cars.uk.msn.com/news/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=147864031. Retrieved 2006-12-27. "When asked, Chevrolet sales executives claimed a Camaro was a: "a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs"." 
8. ^ http://www.insideline.com/features/driving-the-transformers-beater-bumblebee-1976-camaro.html
9. ^ Antonick, Michael (2004). Camaro White Book. MotorBooks International. p. 86. ISBN 9780760318799. http://books.google.com/books?id=fc3fxaZ4IGUC&pg=PA86&dq=1982+first+time+four-cylinder+Iron+Duke+Camaro. Retrieved 23 February 2011. 
10. ^ "Camaro, Firebird lines to end with 2002 model year". Associated Press. Oklahoma City Journal Record. 2001-09-26. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4182/is_20010926/ai_n10148436. Retrieved 2007-06-01. 
11. ^ McCoy, Guy. "Rising from the Ashes". Popular Hot Rodding. http://www.popularhotrodding.com/features/0409phr_2007_chevrolet_camaro/. Retrieved 2007-08-04. "Publicly, GM blamed slow sales, a deteriorated sports coupe market, and plant overcapacity." 
12. ^ General Motors (2006-01-09). "Chevrolet Camaro Concept: Capturing the Timeless Spirit of Camaro besides the 3rd gen camaros". GM Media Online. Archived from the original on 2007-02-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20070202021321/http://media.gm.com/us/gm/en/news/events/autoshows/06naias/concepts/06_NAIAS_Chevy_Concept.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-27. 
13. ^ Greg Keenan (2006-08-18). "Canada to build Camaro". The Globe and Mail. http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060818.wgmweb0818/GIStory/. Retrieved 2011-02-10. 
14. ^ Mateja, Jim (2008-03-10). "Chevy to Launch New Camaro Coupe, Convertible as ’10 Models". Ward's Dealer Business. http://wardsdealer.com/latest/chevy_launch_camero/. Retrieved 2011-02-10. 
15. ^ Ramsey, Jonathon (2008-03-12). "Chevy Camaro to be a 2010 model, not 2009". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/03/12/chevy-camaro-to-be-a-2010-model-not-2009/. Retrieved 2011-02-10. 
16. ^ Neff, John (2008-07-21). "2010 Chevy Camaro - Official Details and Images". Autoblog. Weblogs. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/07/21/2010-chevy-camaro-official-details-and-images/. Retrieved 2008-07-21. 
17. ^ "2010 Chevrolet Camaro Review". JB car pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/chevrolet/camaro/2010/. Retrieved 2009-09-29. 
18. ^ "Chevrolet Camaro: World Car Design of the Year 2010". AUSmotive.com. 2010-04-08. http://www.ausmotive.com/2010/04/08/chevrolet-camaro-world-car-design-of-the-year-2010.html. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
19. ^ "2011 Export Camaro Details & Differences". 2011-06-23. http://www.camaroz28.com/2011-export-camaro-details-differences/. Retrieved 2011-06-23. 
20. ^ "Australian Touring Car Championship". www.carsandracingstuff.com. http://www.carsandracingstuff.com/library/a/australiantouringcarchampionship.php. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
21. ^ Interview with John Stevenson, Speed TV Grand Am Montreal 200 broadcast, August 29, 2009
22. ^ "Stevenson Motorsports To Race A Brand New Chevrolet Camaro In The Grand-Am KONI Challenge Series". http://www.stevensonmotorsports.com/2008-Press-Releases#anchor1. ^{[dead link]}
23. ^ "Sears Department Store and Chevrolet Camaro Achieve Highest Product Placement Scores for June, Nielsen Reports". Nielsen. 2007-08-28. http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/press-room/2007/Sears_Department_Store_and_Chevrolet_Camaro_Achieve_Highest_Product_Placement_Scores_for_June__Nielsen_Reports.html. Retrieved 2011-10-15. 
24. ^ Hinds, Julie (2007-03-07). "GM hopes movie roles transform cars into sellable stars". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2007-07-03-transformer-cars_N.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-15. 
25. ^ Jeff. "Home of the 'Better Off Dead' Camaro". http://betteroffdeadcamaro.com. Retrieved 2011-10-15. 
26. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (2007-06-10). "Driving the Transformers Beater Bumblebee 1977 Camaro". Edmunds. http://www.insideline.com/features/driving-the-transformers-beater-bumblebee-1976-camaro.html. Retrieved 2007-11-22. 
27. ^ Langfitt, Frank (2009-07-21). "In The Camaro, A Glimmer Of Hope For GM". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106811668. Retrieved 2011-10-15. 

• Edsall, Larry (2009). Camaro - A Legend Reborn. Minnespolis: Motorbooks. ISBN 978-0760328194. 

External links

• Chevrolet Camaro official site
• Chevrolet Camaro at the Open Directory Project
• Chevrolet Camaro at the Internet Movie Cars Database