List of rulers of Tuscany

List of rulers of Tuscany

The rulers of Tuscany have varied over time, sometimes being margraves, the rulers of handfuls of border counties and sometimes the heads of the most important family of the region.

Contents

Margraves of Tuscany, 812–1197

House of Boniface
These were originally counts of Lucca who extended their power over the neighbouring counties.
House of Boso
These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy, whom he appointed to their post after removing the dynasty of Boniface

Various

House of Canossa

These were the descendants of the Counts of Canossa.

Various

After this, Tuscany was splintered between the competing republics of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia and Lucca. Since the 14th century, Florence gained dominance over Pistoia (1306, officially annexed 1530), Arezzo (1384), Pisa (1406), and Siena (1559). Lucca was an independent republic until the Napoleonic period in the 19th century.

Rulers of Florence, 1434-1569

De facto rulers of the House of Medici, 1434-1531

Medici Dukes of Florence, 1531-1569

# Name Started Ended Relationship with predecessor(s)
1 Alessandro 1 May 1532 6 Jan 1537  
2 Cosimo I 20 Sep 1537 21 Aug 1569 fourth cousin of Alessandro

Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569-1737

# Name Started Ended Relationship with predecessor(s)
1 Cosimo I 21 Aug 1569 21 Apr 1574  
2 Francesco I 21 Apr 1574 19 Oct 1587 son of Cosimo I
3 Ferdinando I 19 Oct 1587 7 Feb 1609 brother of Francesco I
son of Cosimo I
4 Cosimo II 7 Feb 1609 28 Feb 1621 son of Ferdinando I
5 Ferdinando II 28 Feb 1621 23 May 1670 son of Cosimo II
6 Cosimo III 23 May 1670 31 Oct 1723 son of Ferdinando II
7 Gian Gastone 31 Oct 1723 9 Jul 1737 son of Cosimo III

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1737-1801

# Name Started Ended Relationship with predecessor(s)
8 Francesco II Stefano 12 Jul 1737 18 Aug 1765 great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I
9 Pietro Leopoldo I 18 Aug 1765 22 Jul 1790 second son of Francesco II Stefano
10 Ferdinando III 22 Jul 1790 3 Aug 1801 second son of Pietro Leopoldo I

Bourbon Kings of Etruria, 1801-1807

# Name Started Ended Relationship with predecessor(s)
1 Lodovico I 3 Aug 1801 27 May 1803 Grandson of Francisco II Stefano
2 Carlo Lodovico II 27 May 1803 10 Dec 1807 son of Lodovico I

Tuscany was annexed by France, 1807-1814. Napoleon's sister Elisa Bonaparte was given the honorary title of Grand Duchess of Tuscany, but did not actually rule over the region.

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1814-1860

# Name Started Ended Relationship with predecessor(s)
10 Ferdinando III 27 Apr 1814 18 Jun 1824 (restored)
11 Leopoldo II 18 Jun 1824 21 Jul 1859 son of Ferdinando III
12 Ferdinando IV 21 Jul 1859 22 Mar 1860 son of Leopoldo II

Leopoldo II was driven from Tuscany by revolution from 21 February to 12 April 1849, and again on 27 April 1859. He abdicated in favor of his son, Ferdinando IV, on 21 July 1859, but Ferdinando IV was never recognized in Tuscany, and was deposed by the provisional government on 16 August. Tuscany was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia, on 22 March 1860.

Titular Habsburg-Lorraine claimants, 1860-present

  • Ferdinand IV 1860-1908
  • Joseph Ferdinand 1908-1921
  • Peter Ferdinand 1921-1948
  • Gottfried 1948-1984
  • Leopold Franz 1984-1993
  • Sigismund 1993-Present

See also

v · d · eFormer monarchies of the Italian Peninsula, Sardinia and Sicily

Amalfi • Apulia • Arborea • Benevento • Byzantine Empire • Cagliari • Capua • Carrara • Castro • Ceva • Corsica • Etruria • Ferrara • Finale • Florence • Gaeta • Gallura • Gorizia • County of Guastalla • Duchy of Guastalla • Italy (Lombard) • Italy (modern) • Italy (Napoleonic) • Lombardy-Venetia • Principality of Lucca and Piombino • Duchy of Lucca • Mantua • Massa • Medieval Italy • Milan • Mirandola • Modena • Montferrat • Duchy of Naples • Kingdom of Naples • Nizza • Ogliastra • Ostrogothic Kingdom • Papal States • Parma • Piombino • Presidi • Reggio • Roman Kingdom • Roman Empire • Salerno • Saluzzo • Sardinia • Sardinia and Corsica • Savoy • Emirate of Sicily • County of Sicily • Kingdom of Sicily • Sora • Spoleto • Tavolara • Torres • Trent • Tuscany • Two Sicilies • Tyrol • Urbino • Western Roman Empire

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