Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoperitoneum

Infobox_Disease
Name = PAGENAME


Caption = Frontal chest X-ray. The air bubble below the right hemidiaphragm (on the left of the image) is a pneumoperitoneum.
DiseasesDB = 31511
ICD10 = ICD10|K|66|8|k|65
ICD9 = ICD9|568.89, ICD9|770.2
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj = radio
eMedicineTopic = 562
MeshID = D011027

Pneumoperitoneum is air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity. It is often seen on X-ray, but small amounts are often missed, and CT is nowadays regarded as a criterion standard in the assessment of a pneumoperitoneum. [cite web | url = http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic562.htm | title = eMedicine.com: Pneumoperitoneum" | author = Ali Nawaz Khan] CT can visualize quantities as small as 5 cm³ of air or gas. The most common cause is a perforated abdominal viscus, generally a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma. A perforated appendix seldom causes a pneumoperitoneum.

A pneumoperitoneum is deliberately created by the surgical team in order to perform laparoscopic surgery. This is achieved by insufflating the abdomen with carbon dioxide.

Causes

*Perforated peptic ulcer
*Bowel obstruction
*Ruptured diverticulum
*Penetrating trauma
*Ruptured inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. megacolon)
*Necrotising enterocolitis/Pneumatosis coli [ [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/humandev/2004/Neonate2.pdf Necrotizing Enterocolitis] Bugs, Drugs and Things That Go Bump in the Night]
*Bowel Cancer
*Ischemic bowel
*Steroids
*After laparotomy
*After laparoscopy
*Breakdown of a surgical anastomosis
*Bowel injury after endoscopy
*Peritoneal dialysis
*Vaginal insufflation (air enters via the fallopian tubes, e.g. water-skiing, oral sex)
*Colonic or peritoneal infection
*From chest (e.g. bronchopleural fistula)

Differential diagnosis

Subphrenic abscess, bowel interposed between diaphragm and liver (Chilaiditi syndrome), and linear atelectasis at the base of the lungs can simulate free air under the diaphragm on a chest X-ray.

ee also

* Football sign
* Rigler's sign

References


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Pneumoperitoneum — Pneumoperitoneum,   Ansammlung von Luft oder Gasen in der Bauchhöhle; tritt spontan als Folge von Magen oder Darmwandzerreißungen auf. Diagnostische Zwecken dient das künstlich angelegte Pneumoperitoneum zur Vorbereitung einer Laparo und… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Pneumoperitoneum — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 K66.8 Sonstige näher bezeichnete Krankheiten des Peritoneums K66.9 Krankheit des Peritoneums, nicht näher bezeichnet …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • pneumoperitoneum — Presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity as a result of disease, or produced artificially in the abdomen to achieve exposure during laporoscopic surgery. [G. pneuma, air, + peritoneum] * * * pneu·mo·peri·to·ne·um .per ət ən ē əm n, pl n …   Medical dictionary

  • pneumoperitoneum — n. air or gas in the peritoneal or abdominal cavity, usually due to a perforation of the stomach or bowel. Pneumoperitoneum may be induced for diagnostic purposes (e.g. laparoscopy). A former treatment of tuberculosis was the deliberate injection …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • pneumoperitoneum — “+ noun Etymology: New Latin, from pneum + peritoneum 1. : a state in which air or other gas is present in the peritoneal cavity 2. : the induction of pneumoperitoneum to alter pressure relations within the body cavity and relax a tuberculous… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Pneumoperitoneum — Pneu|mo|pe|ri|to|ne|um das; s: Ansammlung von Luft od. Gasen in der Bauchhöhle als Folge von Magen od. Darmwandzerreißung (Med.) …   Das große Fremdwörterbuch

  • pneumoperitoneum — pneu·mo·peritoneum …   English syllables

  • Пневмоперитонеум (Pneumoperitoneum) — наличие воздуха или газа в брюшной полости, обычно возникающее в результате прободения желудка или кишечника. Пневмоперитонеум может быть вызван искусственно с диагностическими целями (например, во время лапароскопии). Ранее для лечения… …   Медицинские термины

  • ПНЕВМОПЕРИТОНЕУМ — (pneumoperitoneum) наличие воздуха или газа в брюшной полости, обычно возникающее в результате прободения желудка или кишечника. Пневмоперитонеум может быть вызван искусственно с диагностическими целями (например, во время лапароскопии). Ранее… …   Толковый словарь по медицине

  • пневмоперитонеум — (pneumoperitoneum; пневмо + греч. peritonaion брюшина; син. аэроперитонеум) наличие газа в брюшинной полости …   Большой медицинский словарь

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