- Ja'fari jurisprudence
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- This is a sub-article to Islamic jurisprudence and Twelvers.
Jaʿfarī school of thought, Ja`farite School, Jaʿfarī jurisprudence or Jaʿfarī Fiqh[note A] is the school of jurisprudence of most Shi'a Muslims, derived from the name of Jaʿfar as-Ṣādiq, the 6th Shi'a Imam. Jafaris are also know as Twelvers
It differs from the four schools or madhhabs of Sunni jurisprudence in its reliance on ijtihad, as well as on matters of inheritance, religious taxes, commerce, personal status and the allowing of temporary marriage or mutʿa.[1] However, despite these differences, there have been numerous fatwas regarding the acceptance of Jaʿfarī fiqh as an acceptable Muslim madhhab by Sunni religious bodies. These include the Amman Message and a fatwa by Al-Azhar.
Contents
Branches
Usuli
Main article: UsuliThis school of thought utilizes Ijtihad by adopting reasoned argumentation in finding the laws of Islam. Usulis emphasize the role of Mujtahid who was capable of independently interpreting the sacred sources as an intermediary of the Hidden Imamas and , thus, serve as a guide to the community.This meant that legal interpretations were kept flexible to take account of changing conditions and the dynamics of the times.[2] This school of thought is predominant among most of Shi'a.
According to idea developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, two kinds of Ja'fari jurisprudence can be recognized. One as Conventional Fiqh and another as Dynamic Fiqh. In Dynamic Fiqh, which is backed by the famous text book Javaher-al-Kalem (Arabic: جواهر الكلم), one should consider the concept of time, era, and age (Arabic: زمان) as well as the concept of place, location and venue (Arabic: مکان). He stated that these two concepts have key role in the understanding and extraction of commandments.[3]
Akhbari
Main article: AkhbariThis school of thought takes a restrictive approach to ijtihad. This school has almost dead now and has very few followers left to this day. Although, some neo-Akhbaris have emerged in indian subcontinent but they do not belong to the old akhbari movement of bahrain. [2]
Sub-articles
Non-controversial fields
- Ja'fari Islamic banking
Controversial fields
These are the fields of the Ja'fari jurisprudence that are controversial among Muslims.[citation needed]
- Nikah Mut'ah
- Taqiya
- Wilayah al Faqih
- Bada'
See also
Notes
- ^A In Arabic script: جعفري, strict transcriptions: Jaʻfarī or Ǧaʿfarī, /d͡ʒaʕfariː/; from the name: جعفر, Jaʻfar/Ǧaʿfar, /d͡ʒaʕfar/.
- ^ Nasr, Vali (2006), The Shia Revival, Norton, p. 69
- ^ a b [Oxford concise dictionary of Politics,2003:487]
- ^ (Persian: صحيفه نور) http://www.tebyan.net/Html1/Sahife/html/21/289.htm
References
- Oxford concise dictionary of Politics,2003
External links
- "Jafari: Shii Legal Thought and Jurisprudence" from Oxford Islamic Studies Online
- Some of Shi'a Islamic Laws books
- Islamic Laws of G.A. Sayyid Abulqasim al-Khoei
- Islamic Laws of G.A. Fazel Lankarani
- Islamic Laws of G.A. Syed Ali al-Husaini Seestani
- Towards an Understanding of the Shiite Authoritative Sources
Categories:- Twelvers
- Ja'fari
- Islam stubs
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