Gorham, Maine

Gorham, Maine
—  Town  —
Gorham Academy Building
Seal
Gorham, Maine Location within the state of Maine
Coordinates: 43°42′7″N 70°27′20″W / 43.70194°N 70.45556°W / 43.70194; -70.45556
Country	United States
State	Maine
County	Cumberland
Incorporated	October 30, 1764
Area
– Total	51.3 sq mi (132.8 km2)
– Land	50.6 sq mi (131.2 km2)
– Water	0.6 sq mi (1.6 km2)
Elevation	207 ft (63 m)
Population (2010)
– Total	16,381
– Density	323.7/sq mi (124.8/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
– Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code	04038
Area code(s)	207
FIPS code	23-28240
GNIS feature ID	0582493

Gorham is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 16,381 at the 2010 census. In addition to an urban village center known as Gorham Village or simply "the Village," the town also encompasses a number of smaller, unincorporated villages and hamlets with distinct historical identities, including South Gorham, West Gorham, Little Falls, White Rock, and North Gorham. Gorham is home to one of the three campuses of the University of Southern Maine.

Gorham is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

Initially named Narragansett Number 7, the village was renamed Gorhamtown Plantation in honor of the famous New England Ranger Captain John Gorham (1764). (Gorham, Maine would share this namesake with Gorham, New Hampshire, incorporated in 1836.) ^[1]

History

First called Narragansett Number 7 was one of seven townships granted by the Massachusetts General Court to soldiers (or their heirs) who had fought in the Narragansett War of 1675, also called King Philip's War. The land was first settled in 1736 by Captain John Phinney and his family, followed in 1738 by Hugh McLellan and Daniel Mosher. By 1743, the first sawmill was established by John Gorham at Little River. Without window-glass, the first dwellings were constructed of logs chinked with moss and clay.^[2]

Narragansett Number 7 suffered its first Indian raid in 1745, when the meeting house and Gorham's sawmill were burned. It was attacked again in 1746, when five colonists were killed and three abducted. Incursions during the French and Indian Wars would finally end, however, with the 1763 Treaty of Paris. The town was incorporated as Gorham on October 30, 1764. It would annex land from Standish in 1831 and 1839, and from Scarborough in 1864.

Good soil benefited agriculture, and numerous falls provided water power for industry. The town developed into a manufacturing center, with Portland a nearby market. Products included textiles, clothing, carpet, lumber, barrels, chairs, carriages, wagons and sleighs. There was also a box factory, corn-canning factory, paper pulp mill, brickyard, tannery, and granite and marble works. The Cumberland and Oxford Canal opened in 1829 connecting Casco Bay with Sebago Lake, although it would be discontinued in 1871, having been rendered obsolete by John A. Poor's York and Cumberland Railroad (later the Boston and Maine Railroad), which entered Gorham in 1851. The railroad was dismantled in 1961, but the former grade serves as a multi-use recreational trail. On September 12, 1870, the first train of the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad (later part of the Maine Central Railroad Mountain Division) traveled from Portland to Sebago Lake through White Rock.^[3] White Rock station closed in 1921.^[4]

In 1803, Gorham Academy was founded. Designed by Samuel Elder, the Federal style Gorham Academy Building was erected in 1806. The institution would evolve into Western Maine Normal School, and later Gorham State Teachers College. Today, it is the University of Southern Maine at Gorham.^[5]

Gorham currently has a much smaller industrial infrastructure than it did in the earlier years. The majority of Gorham's industry is based along the border with Westbrook, and many of the mills that formerly existed along the Presumpscot River are now under water, flooded with the construction of the Dundee Dam. In recent decades Gorham has increased in popularity as a bedroom community of Portland. Its residents and town officials have been confronted with various issues related to managing suburban growth in a historically rural town.^[5]

• 

  Hugh McLellan House, completed in 1773

• 

  Old mill in 1906

• 

  Congregational Church c. 1915

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 51.3 square miles (132.8 km²), of which, 50.6 square miles (131.2 km²) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²) of it (1.23%) is water. Gorham is drained by the Little River, Presumpscot River and Stroudwater River.

The town is served by U.S. Route 202, and state routes 4, 22, 25, 112, 114 and 237.

Demographics

See also: Gorham (CDP), Maine

Ox cart at Merrifield Farm

As of the census^[6] of 2000, there were 14,141 people, 4,875 households, and 3,529 families residing in the town. The population density was 279.2 people per square mile (107.8/km²). There were 5,051 housing units at an average density of 99.7 per square mile (38.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.57% White, 0.42% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.

There were 4,875 households out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.11.

M. E. Church -- erected in 1880

In the town the population was spread out with 25.9% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $50,316, and the median income for a family was $55,434. Males had a median income of $37,828 versus $30,394 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,174. About 5.1% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

See also

• Gorham High School

Sites of interest

• Baxter House Museum
• Gorham Historical Society & Museum
• University of Southern Maine Art Galleries

Notable people

Corthell Hall at U.S.M., built in 1878, designed by the noted Portland architect Francis H. Fassett

• James Phinney Baxter, historian, civic leader
• Percival Baxter, 53rd Governor of Maine^{[citation needed]}
• Bob Crowley, winner of Survivor: Gabon -- although not a resident, he was a physics teacher at Gorham High School
• Edwin Hall, physicist
• Charles Davis Jameson, lumberman, general
• Stephen Longfellow, congressman
• James Mann, politician
• Frederick Robie, governor
• Donald F. Snow, congressman
• Ellen G. White, religious leader
• Horace Wilson, professor and baseball promoter

References

1. ^ Hugh Davis McLellan, History of Gorham, Maine; Smith & Sale, printers; Portland, Maine 1903
2. ^ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts. pp. 141–142. http://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA9&dq=coolidge%20mansfield%20history%20description%20new%20england%201859&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
3. ^ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Gorham, Boston: Russell, http://history.rays-place.com/me/gorham-me.htm 
4. ^ Johnson, Ron (undated). Maine Central R.R. Mountain Division. 470 Railroad Club. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Wright, Virginia. "Gorham at a Crossroads". Down East: The Magazine of Maine (June 2010). 
6. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 

External links

• Town of Gorham, Maine
• Baxter Memorial Library
• Gorham Historical Society
• University of Southern Maine
• Gorham SnoGoers Snowmobile Club
• Maine Genealogy: Gorham, Cumberland County, Maine

Coordinates: 43°40′46″N 70°26′39″W / 43.67944°N 70.44417°W / 43.67944; -70.44417