Histriomastix

: "This entry refers to the 1632 work by William Prynne; for the play by John Marston, see: Histriomastix (play)."

"Histriomastix: The Player's Scourge, or Actor's Tragedy" is a critique of professional theatre and actors, written by the Puritan author and controversialist William Prynne.

While the publishing history of the work is not absolutely clear, there is reason to believe that "Histriomastix" was published late in 1632 by the bookseller Michael Sparke, although it had been in preparation by its author for almost ten years prior to its final printing. (The title page of the first edition is erroneously dated 1633; as a result many sources cite this as the date of publication.) [W. W. Greg, "A Companion to Arber," Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1967; p. 85. See also "The Cambridge History of Theatre, Vol. 1," edited by Jane Milling and Peter Thomson, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004; p. 379.] Depositions given in connection with Prynne's trial indicate that the actual writing of the text was accomplished between spring 1631 and mid-to-late 1632.

"Histriomastix" represents the culmination of the Puritan attack on the English Renaissance theatre. Running to over a thousand pages, and with a main title of 43 lines, it marshals a multitude of ancient and medieval authorities against the "sin" of dramatic performance. The book condemns most aspects of dramatic performance it its era, from the practice of boy actors representing women to the "obscene lascivious love songs, most melodiously chanted out upon the stage...."

Prynne's book was not by any means the first such attack on the stage, [Laura Levine, "Men in Women's Clothing: Anti-theatricality and Effeminization," Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.] though it certainly was the longest. Its Puritan theology was in any case unwelcome to the ecclesiastical authorities led by the Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud. Prynne had to appear before the Star Chamber and was sentenced in 1634 to be pilloried, branded, imprisoned for life and was fined £5,000. At his trial, some fifty separate and allegedly treasonous excerpts from the book were quoted; but the one that has attracted most attention from subsequent critics is Prynne's attack on women actors as "notorious whores," which was, at the time, taken as a direct reference to Queen Henrietta Maria. (The Queen had a speaking role in Walter Montagu's masque "The Shepherd's Paradise," which was staged on Jan. 9, 1633, most likely after Prynne's book was in print. But she had also appeared and danced in two earlier masques, ["Chloridia" (1631) and "Tempe Restored" (1632).] and performed a spoken part in French in a private performance of Honorat de Racan's pastoral, "Artenice," in 1626.) [Michael Leapman, "Inigo: The Troubled Life of Inigo Jones, Architect of the English Renaissance," London, Headline Book Publishing, 2003; pp. 222-3, 298-300.]

The notorious book was never fully suppressed, however; in the next generation, even King Charles II had a copy in his library.

References

External links

* [http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/367/Prynne.htm Text of the Prologue]

Further reading

* "The Idolatrous Eye: Iconoclasm and Theater in Early Modern England" by Michael O'Connell ISBN 0-19-513205-X contains an attempt to shed light on the Puritans' fanatical opposition to the theatre.