List of free trade agreements

List of free trade agreements

This is list of free trade agreements and free trade areas between one or more countries and/or trade blocs. For a list of blocs, see trade bloc.

"Every customs union, trade common market and economic and monetary union has also a free trade area and these are listed in their respective articles."
"Preferential trade arrangements (PTAs) and other types of trade pacts are listed in their respective articles."

World Trade Organization agreements

*Agreement on Agriculture
*Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
*Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
*Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
*General Agreement on Trade in Services

Multilateral agreements

List of agreements with more than two states and/or blocs involved.

Regional agreements

List of multilateral agreements among states and/or blocs in the same geographic region.
* Andean Community Free Trade Area includes Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
* ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) includes Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam
** AANZFTA includes ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand [Joint Media Statement of the Thirteenth AEM-CER Consultations Singapore, 28 August 2008 [http://www.aseansec.org/21898.htm] ]
* Central American Common Market (CACM) includes Guatemala, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua
* Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) includes the U.S., Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic
* Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) includes Croatia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro
* Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) includes Burundi, Djibouti, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe
* European Free Trade Association (EFTA) includes Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein
* Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) includes Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, the "State of Palestine", Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the UAE and Yemen
* G-3 Free Trade Agreement includes Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela (Venezuela has reported that it intends to pull out of the agreement [ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12904752/from/RSS/ Venezuela says it will pull out of G-3 trade bloc - World business - MSNBC.com ] ] ).
* North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) includes Canada, U.S. and Mexico
* Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) includes Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu
* South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) includes India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan and the Maldives

Proposed regional agreements

List of agreements currently in negotiations. Agreements that are so far only discussed without any formal action by the parties involved are not listed.
* ASEAN Plus Three (ASEAN + China, Japan, and South Korea)
* Canada Central American Free Trade Agreement
* Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia involving the members of the East Asia Summit
* European Union Central American Association Agreement (EU-CAAA) between the European Union and the Central American Common Market
* European Union Economic Partnership Agreement with the Pacific ACP Countries (EU-PACP) between the European Union and Pacific Islands Forum countries.
* Faroe Islands (autonomous entity of Denmark) joining European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
* Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
* Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific (FTAAP) among members of APEC.
* FTA of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
* GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Free Trade Area including Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova
* Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) including the United States and nations in the Middle East
* People's Trade Treaty including Cuba, Bolivia, and Venezuela
* Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA) between the United States and the European Union

Defunct regional agreements

* Agadir Agreement included Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. Agreement effectively replaced by GAFTA
* Baltic Free Trade Area (BAFTA) included Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, all of which have since joined the European Union

Plurilateral agreements

List of multilateral agreements between states and/or blocs of different geographic regions.
* Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (P4) between Chile, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei and is currently negotiating with the United States on a possible FTA [http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Press_Releases/2008/February/asset_upload_file806_14451.pdf] [ [http://www.usnzcouncil.org/recent_events.htm Recent Events ] ]

Proposed plurilateral agreements

List of agreements currently in negotiations. Agreements that are so far only discussed without any formal action by the parties involved are not listed.
* Euro-Mediterranean free trade area (EU-MEFTA)
* Middle East Free Trade Area (US-MEFTA)

Bilateral agreements

List of agreements between two states, two blocs or a bloc and a state.

* Andean Community - MERCOSUR

* Armenia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Kazakhstan (Entry into force: 25 December 2001)
** Kyrgyz Republic (Entry into force: 27 October 1995)
** Moldova (Entry into force: 21 December 1995)
** Russian Federation (Entry into force: 25 March 1993)
** Turkmenistan (Entry into force: 7 July 1996)
** Ukraine

* Australia - New Zealand (as Closer Economic Relations)
* Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement

* Canada
**Chile
**Costa Rica
**Israel
**Peru
**EFTA

* Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Costa Rica
** Cuba
** Dominican Republic

* Chile has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [ [http://www.direcon.cl/index.php?accion=cuadro_resumen Direcon] , accessed March 11 2008]
** Canada (came into force on July 5 1997)
** El Salvador (June 3 2002)
** Costa Rica
** Guatemala (on negotiation)
** Honduras (unratified)
** Nicaragua (on negotiation)
** South Korea (April 1 2004)
** European Free Trade Association (December 1 2004)
** EU
** People's Republic of China (October 1 2006)
** Panama (March 7 2008)
** Peru (unratified; signed on August 22 2006)
** Colombia (unratified; signed on November 27 2006)
** Japan (September 3 2007)
** Mexico
** United States
** New Zealand

* Costa Rica has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs
** Canada
** Chile
** Caribbean Community (CARICOM)¨
** Dominican Republic
** El Salvador
** Guatemala
** Honduras
** Mexico
** Nicaragua
** Panama (pending approval from the congress)
** United States (pending approval from the congress)

* EFTA [ [http://www.efta.int efta-secretariat — ] ] has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Chile
** Croatia
** Peru
** Egypt [ [http://www.nzz.ch/2007/01/28/eng/article7472028.html] ]
** Korea
** Lebanon
** Macedonia
** Morocco
** Palestinian Authority
** Tunisia
** Singapore
** Southern African Customs Union
** South Korea

* The EU has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Algeria European Union Association Agreement
** Chile
** Peru
** Croatia Stabilisation and Association Agreement
** Egypt European Union Association Agreement
** Macedonia Stabilisation and Association Agreement
** Morocco European Union Association Agreement
** Palestinian Authority European Union Association Agreement
** South Africa
** Switzerland
** Tunisia European Union Association Agreement

* Faroe Islands has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Switzerland
** Norway
** Iceland (the Hoyvík Agreement)
** The European Union

* Georgia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Armenia
** Azerbaijan
** Kazakhstan (Entry into force: 16 July 1999)
** Russian Federation (Entry into force: 10 May 1994)
** Turkmenistan (Entry into force: 1 January 2000)
** Ukraine

* Iran has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Venezuela

* Israel has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Canada
** The European Free Trade Association
** The EU

* Japan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** ASEAN (signed in Hanoi as of 1 April 2008)
** Chile (signed in 2006)
** Brunei (signed in 2007)
** Indonesia (signed in 2007)
** Malaysia (signed in 2005)
** Mexico (took effect in 2005)
** Philippines (signed in 2006)
** Thailand (signed in 2007)
** Singapore (signed in 2002)

* Jordan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Algeria
** Libya
** Syria
** Kuwait
** Bahrain
** Peru
** US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (2001)
** The European Free Trade Association
** The European Union

* Kyrgyz Republic has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Kazakhstan (Entry into force: 11 November 1995)
** Moldova (Entry into force: 21 November 1996)
** Russian Federation (Entry into force: 24 April 1993)
** Ukraine (Entry into force: 19 January 1998)
** Uzbekistan (Entry into force: 20 March 1998)

* Lebanon has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
** Iraq
** The European Union

* Malaysia has bilateral agreements with the following countries: [ [http://www.miti.gov.my/ekpweb/application?origin=contentdetails.jsp&event=bea.portal.framework.internal.refresh&pageid=miti&subpageid=publishedcontents&section=content&global=yes&_cat=C2tESazF2oA1376] , accessed July 9 2008]
** India
** USA

* Mexico has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Bolivia
** Chile
** Colombia
** Costa Rica
** El Salvador
** Guatemala
** Honduras
** Israel
** Nicaragua
** Panama
** Peru
** Uruguay
** Venezuela
** Japan
** Mercosur
** the EU
** the EFTA

* New Zealand
** Australia (as Closer Economic Relations)
** Singapore
** Thailand
** Chile
** People's Republic of China (see China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement)
** Brunei (see Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)

* Panama has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Republic of China (Taiwan)
** Costa Rica
** El Salvador
** Guatemala
** Honduras
** Nicaragua

* The People's Republic of China has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Pakistan
** China–Peru Free Trade Agreement expected to be signed in November 2008
** Chile
** Thailand
**New Zealand
** ASEAN (currently the Early Harvest Program is in operation, but a full FTA is not expected until 2010 [ [http://www.fta.gov.sg/fta/pdf/ACFTA_Info_Kit.pdf] ]
** Hong Kong as a CEPA (Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement)
** Macau as a CEPA

* The Republic of China (Taiwan) has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** El Salvador
** Guatemala
** Honduras
** Nicaragua
** Panama

* Singapore has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Australia
** Chile
** India
** Jordan
** New Zealand (separate from the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (see above) and is still in force)
** Panama
** Peru
** South Korea
** the EFTA

* Thailand has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Australia
** Peru
** New Zealand
** India [http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1485386.cms]

* Tunisia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Morocco
** The European Free Trade Association
** Jordan
** Senegal
** Egypt
** the Greater Arab Free Trade Area
** Algeria
** Lybia
** Mauritania
** Turkey
** The European Union

* Turkey has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Bosnia and Herzegovina
** Croatia
** Egypt
** Israel
** Morocco
** Macedonia
** Palestinian Authority
** Tunisia
** The European Free Trade Association

* South Korea has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Chile
** Singapore
** Peru
** EFTA
** US (pending)
** ASEAN

*The US has implemented bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** US-Israel Free Trade Agreement (incl. Palestinian Authority; 1985)
** US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (2001)
** Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (2004)
** United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement (2004)
** US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (2004)
** United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (2006)
** United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement (2006)
** US-Oman Free Trade Agreement (2006)
** United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (2007)
** U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement (pending)

Proposed bilateral agreements

List of agreements currently in negotiations. Agreements that are so far only discussed without any formal action by the parties involved are not listed.

*The United States is negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs [http://www.sice.oas.org/ctyindex/USA/USAagreements_e.asp] :
** Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (2008?)
** Panama - United States Trade Promotion Agreement (2008?)
** United States-Thailand Free Trade Agreement (on hold since the 2006 Thai coup d'état)
** US-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement
** US-Ghana Free Trade Agreement
** US-Indonesia Free Trade Agreement
** US-Kenya Free Trade Agreement
** US-Kuwait Free Trade Agreement (Expert-level trade talks held in February 2006)
** US-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement (next meeting on January 14, 2008 in Kuala Lumpur)
** US-Mauritius Free Trade Agreement
** US-Mozambique Free Trade Agreement
** US-United Arab Emirates Free Trade Agreement (5th round of talks are yet to be scheduled)
** US-Southern African Customs Union Free Trade Agreement (on hold since 2006 due to US demands on intellectual property rights, government procurement rights and investment)
** US-Ecuador Free Trade Agreement
** US-Qatar Free Trade Agreement (on hold since 2006)

* Costa Rica is negotiating bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** EU
** Peru
** Colombia
** People's Republic of China

* Japan is negotiating bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Gulf Cooperation Council
** Vietnam (1st round of talks scheduled for January 2007)
** India (1st round of talks were held in New Delhi, and the 2nd round of talks are scheduled for Tokyo in April) [http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070203/wl_sthasia_afp/indiajapandiplomacytrade_070203063157]
** Australia (Conducting feasibility study as of 19 September 2006).
** New Zealand - (Conducting feasibility study as of 14 May 2008)

* South Korea (Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Minister for Trade - Free Trade Agreement Department) is negotiating or is planning bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Mexico (SECA 3th round of talks in 14~16 June 2006)
** Canada(10th round of talks in 23 April ~ 27 April 2007, Seoul)
** India (CEPA 6th round of talks in 3 March ~ 6 March 2007, Seoul)
** EU (2nd round of talks in 16 July 2007 ~ 20 July 2007, Brussels)
** MERCOSUR (preparation study)
** People's Republic of China (preparation study)
** GCC (preparation study)
** Japan (negotiations currently at standstill)
* Colombia is negotiating or is planning bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** El Salvador
** Guatemala
** Honduras
** Costa Rica

* People's Republic of China is negotiating or is planning bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Australia [http://au.news.yahoo.com/060419/2/ynex.html]
** ASEAN
** Costa Rica
** Pakistan (Signed on 24 November 2006 and has been executed) [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5c05%5c24%5cstory_24-5-2006_pg5_12]
** India (proposed)

* Chile is negotiating or is planning bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** India
** Thailand
** Australia

* Australia is negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** ASEAN (negotiating alongside New Zealand for a proposed AFTA-CER [http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/Trade-Agreements/Asean/index.php] )
** United Arab Emirates
** China (see: Australia-China Free Trade Agreement)

* New Zealand
** USA
** South Korea
** Malaysia
** Japan
** Hong Kong
** Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
** Association of Southeast Asian Nations

* Republic of China (Taiwan) - Dominican Republic

* Singapore is negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Bahrain
** Singapore - Canada
** Egypt
** Mexico
** Pakistan
** Panama
** Sri Lanka
** Kuwait
** Qatar
** United Arab Emirates
** GCC

* Peru - Mexico
* Peru - Costa Rica

* Jordan - Iraq

* Jordan - Palestinian Authority

* GCC - EU
* GCC - Mercosur
* GCC - India
* GCC - Turkey

* ASEAN - India
* ASEAN - Australia and New Zealand

* EFTA is negotiating or is planning bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Algeria
** Albania
** MERCOSUR
** GCC
** Ukraine
** Serbia and Montenegro

* EU is negotiating or is planning bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
** Bosnia and Herzegovina Stabilisation and Association Agreement
** CACM + Panama
** Serbia and Montenegro Stabilisation and Association Agreement
** Albania Stabilisation and Association Agreement
** Syria European Union Association Agreement
** Mercosur
** Russia (EU-Russia Common Economic Space)
** Andean Community

* Andean Community - India

* Croatia - UNMIK (as representative of Kosovo under Security Council resolution 1244)
* Bulgaria - UNMIK (as representative of Kosovo under Security Council resolution 1244)
* Romania - UNMIK (as representative of Kosovo under Security Council resolution 1244)

* Caribbean Community (CARICOM) - Canada to be negotiated, after Canada finishes their Central American Free Trade Agreement agreement.
* Caribbean Community (CARICOM) - EU (on-going negotiation on the EPA) ("Economic Partnership Agreement")
* Caribbean Community (CARICOM) - MERCOSUR (Open for discussions in May 2005)
** [http://www.mfaft.gov.jm/?q=trade-agreements-to-which-jamaica-is-a-party Full list]

* India - Sri Lanka (separate from the South Asia Free Trade Agreement)

* Canada is currently negotiating or planning bilateral trade agreements with:
**CARICOM [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/caricom.aspx?lang=en]
**Dominican Republic [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/dominican-dominicaine.aspx?lang=en]
**Jordan [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/jordan-jordanie.aspx?lang=en]
**EFTA (negotiations concluded, preliminary agreement reached) [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/efta-aele.aspx?lang=en#2]
**Andean Community [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/andean-andin/index.aspx]
**South Korea [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/korea-coree/index.aspx]
**Singapore [http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/singapore-singapour.aspx]

Defunct bilateral agreements

* Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (superseded by North American Free Trade Agreement)
* Costa Rica - Dominican Republic (superseded by DR-CAFTA)
* Costa Rica - Trinidad and Tobago (superseded by Costa Rica - CARICOM Free Trade Agreement)

* EU - Norway FTA (1973), now a member of the European Economic Area common market
* EU - Iceland FTA (1973), now a member of the EEA common market
* EU - Switzerland and Liechtenstein FTA (1973), Liechtenstein is now member of the EEA common market
* EU - Czech Republic EA (1995), now EU member
* EU - Estonia EA (1998), now EU member
* EU - Hungary EA (1994), now EU member
* EU - Latvia EA (1998), now EU member
* EU - Lithuania EA (1998), now EU member
* EU - Poland EA (1994), now EU member
* EU - Slovakia EA (1995), now EU member
* EU - Slovenia EA (1999), now EU member
* EU - Cyprus AA (1973), now EU member
* EU - Malta AA (1971), now EU member
* EU - Turkey AA (1964), superseded by EU-Turkey customs union
* Matrix of FTAs in the Balkans, in the framework of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, now superseded by membership in CEFTA or (for Bulgaria and Romania) in the EU. (2007)
** between each two of the following states (28 FTAs): Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro
* UNMIK (as representative of Kosovo under Security Council resolution 1244) has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: (Now in CEFTA)
** Albania
** Bosnia and Herzegovina
** Macedonia

ee also

* List of trade blocs
* Free trade area
* Trade bloc
* Trade pact
* Customs union
* Common market
* Economic and monetary union
* Monetary union
* Bilateral Investment Treaty
* United States free trade agreements
* New Zealand free trade agreements
* The Regional and Preferential Trade Agreements Database at McGill University- [http://www.ptas.mcgill.ca/ ptas.mcgill.ca]

References

* [http://www.bilaterals.org/ bilaterals.org] - "Everything that's not happening at the WTO"
* [http://www.fightingftas.org/ fightingftas.org
* [http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/eif_e.xls FTAs submitted to the WTO]
* [http://www.sice.oas.org/tbt/FTA_e.asp Americas FTAs]
* [http://app.fta.gov.sg/asp/index.asp Singapore official FTA site]
* [http://secretariat.efta.int/Web/legaldocuments EFTA official site]
* [http://www.fta.gov.au/default.aspx?FolderID=162 Australia offical FTA site]
* [http://usliberals.about.com/od/theeconomyjobs/i/FreeTradeAgmts.htm About.com's Pros & Cons of U.S. Free Trade Agreements]
* [http://www.worldtradelaw.net/fta/ftadatabase/ftas.asp Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements Notified to the WTO: developed by WorldTradeLaw.net and Bryan Mercurio]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • United States free trade agreements — The United States is party to many free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide. HistorySimilar to other industrial nations, the United States has a long history of opposition to free trade. Protectionism and isolationism were prevailing economic… …   Wikipedia

  • New Zealand free trade agreements —   New Zealand …   Wikipedia

  • Free Trade Area of the Americas — The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) (Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA), French: Zone de libre échange des Amériques (ZLÉA), Portuguese: Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA), Dutch: Vrijhandelszone van de Amerika… …   Wikipedia

  • Free trade area — This is article is on free international trade. For information on special economic zones within countries, see Free trade zone.Free trade area is a designated group of countries that have agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas and preferences on… …   Wikipedia

  • Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific Region — The Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific Region (FTAAP) is a proposed free trade area involving the member nations of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) organization. Such a free trade area would involve the 21 member nations, including… …   Wikipedia

  • Free trade debate — Free trade is one of the most debated topics in economics of the 20th and 21st century Fact|date=December 2007. Arguments over free trade can be divided into economic, moral, and socio political arguments. The academic debate among economists is… …   Wikipedia

  • Free trade — Not to be confused with Free market. World trade A series on Trade …   Wikipedia

  • Middle East Free Trade Area — The U.S. MEFTA initiative started in 2003 with the purpose of creating a U.S. Middle East Free Trade Area by 2013.The U.S. objective with this initiative has been to gradually increase trade and investment in the Middle East, and to assist the… …   Wikipedia

  • ASEAN–China Free Trade Area —   ASEAN–China Free Trade Area Mantap Gan!! The ASEAN–China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), also known as the China–ASEAN Free Trade Area (s …   Wikipedia

  • Euro-Mediterranean free trade area — The Euro Mediterranean free trade area (EU MEFTA) is based on the Barcelona Process and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The Barcelona Process, developed after the Barcelona Conference in successive annual meetings, is a set of goals designed …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”