Trumpeter (bird)

Taxobox
name = Trumpeters


image_caption = Grey-winged Trumpeter, "Psophia crepitans"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Gruiformes
familia = Psophiidae
familia_authority = Bonaparte, 1831
genus = "Psophia"
genus_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision =
* "Psophia crepitans"
* "Psophia leucoptera"
* "Psophia viridis"
range_

range_map_width = 135px
range_map_caption = Approximate distribution of Grey-winged (red), Pale-winged (green) and Dark-winged Trumpeter (orange). The ranges are separated by large rivers.

The trumpeters are a small family of birds restricted to the forests of the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America. They are named for the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males.cite book | last = Holyoak | first = David | coauthors = Colston, P. R. | year = 2003 | chapter = Trumpeters | editor = Perrins, Christopher | title = The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds | publisher = Firefly Books | pages = 213 | isbn = 1-55297-777-3] The three species resemble chickens in size; they measure 45 to 52 centimeters (18 to 20 inches) long and weigh 1 to 1.5 kilograms (2.2 to 3.3 pounds). They are dumpy birds with long necks and legs and curved billscite book |editor=Forshaw, Joseph|author= Archibald, George W.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher= Merehurst Press|location=London|pages= 98|isbn= 1-85391-186-0] and a hunched posture.cite book | last = Hilty | first = Steven L. | coauthors = Brown, William L. | year = 1986 | title = A Guide to the Birds of Colombia | publisher = Princeton University Press | id = ISBN 0-691-08371-1 | pages = 134 | url = http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN069108372X | accessdate = 2008-09-19] Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look "good-natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. The secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, gray, or greenish to black, and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same color. These colors give the three species their names.

Trumpeters fly weakly but run fast; they can easily outrun dogs. They are also capable of swimming across rivers. They spend most of the day in noisy flocks, sometimes numbering more than 100, on the forest floor. They feed on fallen fruit (particularly fruit knocked down by monkeys). They also eat a small amount of arthropods, including ants and flies,, and even some reptiles and amphibians. At night they fly with difficulty into trees to roost 6 to 9 meters (20 to 30 feet) above the ground.

Trumpeters nest in a hole in a tree or in the crown of a palm tree. They lay 2 to 5 eggs with rough, white shells, averaging about 76 grams (2.7 ounces). In the Pale-winged Trumpeter and the Grey-winged Trumpeter, groups of adults care for a single clutch.cite book | last = Hilty | first = Steven L. | year = 2003 | title = Birds of Venezuela | publisher = Princeton University Press | pages = 279–280 | id = ISBN 0-691-09250-8 | url = http://www.amazon.com/dp/0691092508/ | accessdate = 2007-10-06]

Trumpeters are often used as "guard dogs" because they call loudly when alarmed, become tame easily, and are believed to be adept at killing snakes. One source states this as a fact, and the nineteenth-century botanist Richard Spruce gave a very circumstantial account of the friendliness and snake-killing prowess of a tame Grey-winged Trumpeter. For these reasons Spruce recommended that England import trumpeters to India.cite book | last = Spruce | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Spruce | coauthors = edited by Alfred Russel Wallace | year = 1908 | title = Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes | publisher = Macmillan | volume = vol. i | pages = 340 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zAgNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA340&lpg=PA340&dq=%22agami+hunted+for+snakes%22&source=web&ots=gXmTunVBYK&sig=mivAQF7DPBD19jlk4K4gqqkPrkA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA340,M1 | accessdate = 2008-09-15] However, another source says this prowess is "reputed". [cite book | last = Meyer de Schauensee | first = Rodolphe | authorlink = Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee | year = 1970 | title = A Guide to the Birds of South America | publisher = Livingston Publishing Co | isbn = 0870980270]

pecies

* Grey-winged Trumpeter, "Psophia crepitans"
* Pale-winged (or White-winged) Trumpeter, "Psophia leucoptera"
* Dark-winged Trumpeter, "Psophia viridis"

References

External links

* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=45 Trumpeter videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* [http://www.aviary.org/brd/meet_neotropical.php?bird=20 Gray-Winged Trumpeter] at the National Aviary