Monoglyceride

Monoglyceride
General chemical structure of a 1-monoacylglycerol
General chemical structure of a 2-monoacylglycerol

A monoglyceride, more correctly known as a monoacylglycerol, is a glyceride consisting of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage.[1]

Monoacylglycerol can be broadly divided into two groups; 1-monoacylglycerols and 2-monoacylglycerols, depending on the position of the ester bond on the glycerol moiety.

Monoacylglycerols can be formed by both industrial chemical and biological processes. They are formed biochemically via release of a fatty acid from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol lipase. Monoacylglycerols are broken down by monoacylglycerol lipase.

Mono- and diglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small quantities. They act as emulsifiers, helping to mix ingredients such as oil and water that would not otherwise blend well.[2]

The commercial source may be either animal (cow- or hog-derived) or vegetable, and they may be synthetically made as well. They are often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, and confections.[citation needed] When used in bakery products, monoglycerides improve loaf volume, and create a smooth, soft crumb.

One special monoacylglycerol, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, is a full agonist of the cannabinoid receptors. Another important monoacylglycerol is 2-oleoylglycerol, which is a GPR119 agonist.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Monoacylglycerols". Cyberlipid Center. http://www.cyberlipid.org/glycer/glyc0002.htm. 
  2. ^ "Questions About Food Ingredients". Vegetarian Resource Group. http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/faqingredients.htm#mono. Retrieved 13 November 2011. 
  3. ^ Hansen, K. B.; Rosenkilde, M. M.; Knop, F. K.; Wellner, N.; Diep, T. A.; Rehfeld, J. F.; Andersen, U. B.; Holst, J. J. et al. (2011). "2-Oleoyl Glycerol is a GPR119 Agonist and Signals GLP-1 Release in Humans". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (9): E1409–E1417. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0647. PMID 21778222.  edit


v · Lipids: glycerides

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  • monoglyceride — monogliceridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė H(CHOH)₂CH₂OCOR atitikmenys: angl. monoglyceride rus. моноглицерид ryšiai: sinonimas – monoacilglicerolis …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • monoglyceride — noun Date: 1860 any of various esters of glycerol in which only one of the three hydroxyl groups is esterified and which are often used as emulsifiers …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • monoglyceride — /mon euh glis euh ruyd , euhr id/, n. Chem. an ester obtained from glycerol by the esterification of one hydroxyl group with a fatty acid. Cf. glyceride. [1855 60; MONO + GLYCERIDE] * * * …   Universalium

  • monoglyceride — noun a lipid, an ester of glycerol and one fatty acid (in the 1 or 2 positions) …   Wiktionary

  • monoglyceride — SYN: monoacylglycerol. * * * mono·glyc·er·ide .män ō glis ə .rīd n any of various esters of glycerol in which only one of the three hydroxyl groups is esterified and which are often used as emulsifiers * * * mono·glyc·er·ide (mon″o… …   Medical dictionary

  • monoglyceride — mono·glyceride …   English syllables

  • monoglyceride — | ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ at mono + noun Etymology: mon + glyceride : an ester of glycerol in which only one of the three hydroxyl groups is esterified either in the alpha or 1 position or in the beta or 2 position * * * /mon euh glis euh ruyd , euhr id/, n.… …   Useful english dictionary

  • monoglyceride acyltransferase — mono·glyc·er·ide ac·yl·trans·fer·ase (mon″o glisґər īd a″səl transґfər ās) 2 acylglycerol O acyltransferase …   Medical dictionary

  • Monoacylglycerol lipase — monoglyceride lipase Identifiers Symbol MGLL Entrez 11343 HUGO …   Wikipedia

  • Acylglycerol — Acylglycérol Les acylglycérols, également appelé glycérides ou glycérolipides sont des esters d acides gras et de glycérol. Ils font partie des lipides. Sommaire 1 Différents types de glycérides 1.1 Monoacylglycérols (monoglycérides) …   Wikipédia en Français

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