Bryopsida

Taxobox
name = Bryopsida

---

image_width = 240px
image_caption = Arthrodontous capsule of "Dicranella varia"
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Bryophyta
classis = Bryopsida
subdivision_ranks = Subclasses
subdivision =
Diphysciidae
Funariidae
Dicranidae
Bryidae

The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 9,500 species, common throughout the whole world.

The group is distinguished by having spore capsules with teeth that are "arthrodontous"; the teeth are separate from each other and jointed at the base where they attach to the opening of the capsule. [Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. "Morphology and classification of mosses", pages 71-123 "in" A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), "Bryophyte Biology". (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1.] These teeth are exposed when the covering operculum falls off. In other groups of mosses, the capsule is either "nematodontous" with an attached operculum, or else splits open without operculum or teeth.

Capsule structure

Among the Bryopsida, the structure of the capsule (sporangium) and its pattern of development is very useful both for classifying and for identifying moss families. Most Bryopsida produce a capsule with a lid (the operculum) which falls off when the spores inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed. The opening thus revealed is called the "stoma" (meaning "mouth") and is surrounded by one or two peristomes. A peristome is a ring of triangular "teeth" formed from the remnants of specially thickened cell walls. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, and in the Bryopsida the teeth are separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma. This articulation of the teeth is termed arthrodontous.

There are two basic arthrodontous peristome types. [Edwards, S. R. 1984. "Homologies and inter-relationships of moss peristomes", pages 658-695 "in" R. M. Schuster (Ed.) "New Manual of Bryology". (Japan: The Hattori Botanical Laboratory). ISBN 4-938163-3045.] The first is termed haplolepidous and consists of a single circle of 16 peristome teeth. The second type is the diplolepidous peristome fround in subclass Bryidae. In this type, there are two rings of peristome teeth—an inner endostome (short for "endoperistome") and an exostome. The endostome is a more delicate membrane, and its teeth are aligned between the teeth of the exostome. There are a few mosses in the Bryopsida that have no peristome in their capsules. These mosses still undergo the same cell division patterns in capsule development, but the teeth do not fully develop.

References