Garde manger

Garde manger

Garde manger IPA| [gaʀd mã.ʒe] "keeper of the food" or pantry supervisor, refers to the task of preparing and presenting cold foods. These typically include such food items as salads, hors d'œuvres, cold soups, aspics, and charcuterie. Larger restaurants and hotels may have the need for the garde manger to perform additional duties, such as creating decorative elements of buffet presentation like table arrangements and edible centerpieces made from materials such as ice, cheese, butter, salt dough or tallow. In most modern kitchens however, the garde manger is synonymous with pantry chef, having duties focusing on salads, soups, cold food items, and dessert platings. It is usually the entry level line cook position within a restaurant.

History

The term "garde manger" originated in pre-Revolution France. At that time, maintaining an ample supply of food was an outward symbol of power, wealth and prestige. Noble families had a household steward who would manage their cold store room. The steward was referred to as the "officer de bouche", a title that was eventually replaced with "garde manger". This position was tremendously important, because much of the food was butchered, pickled, salted, cured, or smoked during the fall season and stored for months, even into the spring months. It is because of this duty of supervising the preserving of food and managing its utilization that many interpret the term "garde manger" as "keeping to eat."

The food storage areas in these castles and manor houses were usually located in the lower levels, since the cool basement-like environment was ideal for storing food. These cold storage areas developed over time into the modern cold kitchen.

Most merchants who worked outside noble manors at this time were associated with a guild, an association of persons of the same trade formed for their mutual aid and protection. Guilds would develop training programs for their members, thereby preserving their knowledge and skills. "Charcuterie" was the name of a guild that prepared and sold cooked items made from pigs. Through this organization, the preparation of hams, bacon, sausages, pates and terrines were preserved. When the guild system was abolished early in the French Revolution in 1791, garde mangers took on the responsibility for tasks that had formerly been performed by characutieres, who had difficulty competing with the versatile garde mangers due to the limited range of skills involved in charcuterie.

The position of "butcher" first developed as a specialty within the garde manger kitchen. As both the cost of and demand for animal proteins (in the form of pork, beef, etc.) increased, more space was required for the task of fabricating and portioning the raw proteins. This increased need for space was due not only to an upswing in the volume of protein sales, but also to the need for separating raw proteins from processed foods to avoid cross-contamination and the resulting possibility of foodborne illness. Special "butcher shops" were created where portion sizes, product utilization, and temperature could be tightly controlled. Today butcher shops exist both as standalone establishments and alongside kitchens in large hotels, country clubs and high volume restaurants.

Modern garde manger

Modern garde manger can refer to different things in the professional kitchen. In many restaurants it is a station which is generally an entry level cooking position within a restaurant, as it often involves preparing salads or other smaller plates which can be heated and quickly plated without significant experience. In other high-profile classically influenced restaurants and hotels, the position still pertains to the classical preparations.

ee also

*Brigade de cuisine

External links

* [http://www.gardemanger.com Gardemanger.com]

References

*Culinary Institute of America. "Garde Manger: The Art and Craft of the Cold Kitchen" ISBN 0-7645-7663-1


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • garde-manger — [ gard(ə)mɑ̃ʒe ] n. m. inv. • 1304; de garder et 2. manger 1 ♦ Vx Pièce dans laquelle on met des aliments pour les conserver. 2 ♦ Mod. Petite armoire mobile, placard extérieur, généralement garni de toile métallique, qui sert à conserver des… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • garde-manger — [gȧrd΄män zhā′; ] E [ gärd΄män zhā′] n. pl. garde manger or Eng. garde mangers [gȧrd΄mänzhāz′] [Fr] a cook (as on the staff of a restaurant or cruise ship) who prepares the cold foods such as salads, hors d oeuvres, and fish …   English World dictionary

  • garde-manger — Garde manger. subst. m. Lieu pour garder, ou serrer de la viande, & autres choses servant à la nourriture …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • Garde manger — Una tabla de embutidos digna de un garde manger. Garde manger, pronunciado [gaʀd mã.ʒe], es un término francés que significa «preservando la comida» o «guardián de la comida». Contenido …   Wikipedia Español

  • GARDE-MANGER — s. m. Lieu pour garder ou serrer de la viande et autres choses servant à la nourriture.  Il se dit aussi d Une petite armoire formée ordinairement de châssis garnis de toile, et destinée au même usage. Acheter un garde manger. Des garde manger …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835)

  • GARDE-MANGER — n. m. Lieu pour garder ou serrer de la viande et autres aliments. Il se dit aussi d’une Petite armoire formée ordinairement de châssis garnis de toile métallique et destinée au même usage. Serrer du gibier dans un garde manger. Des garde manger …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)

  • garde-manger — nm., dépense, armoire où l on range la vaisselle, le pain, le fromage, certains aliments : dépêsse nf. (Albertville), dépinse (Albanais). A1) garde manger, petite cage grillagée, pour faire sécher les fromages, mettre les aliments à l abri des… …   Dictionnaire Français-Savoyard

  • garde-manger — (gar de man jé) s. m. 1°   Lieu pour garder ou serrer de la viande et autres aliments. 2°   Petite armoire formée de châssis garnis de toile où l on renferme les aliments et où les mouches ne peuvent pas pénétrer.    Au plur. Des garde manger.… …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

  • garde-manger — /gannrddd mahonn zhay /, n., pl. garde manger. French. 1. a cool room used for storing foods and for preparing certain dishes, esp. cold buffet dishes. 2. a chef or cook who supervises the preparation of cold dishes. [lit., (that which) keeps… …   Universalium

  • garde-manger — |gärd(ə)ˌmäⁿ|zhā noun ( s) Etymology: French, from Old French gardemangier official in charge of the kitchen in a royal household, from garder to guard + mangier food more at blancmange 1. : a cook who specializes in the preparation of cold me …   Useful english dictionary

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