Battle of Ringgold Gap

Warbox
conflict=American Civil War
campaign=
colour_scheme=background#ffff99
date=November 27, 1863
place=Catoosa County, Georgia
result=Confederate Victory
combatant1= flagicon|USA|1863 United States (Union)
combatant2= flagicon|CSA|1863 CSA (Confederacy)
commander1=Joseph Hooker
commander2=Patrick Cleburne
strength1=Three Divisions
strength2=One Division
casualties1=507
casualties2=221|

The Battle of Ringgold Gap was fought November 27, 1863, in Northwest Georgia during the American Civil War. It was a Confederate victory, because it gave their artillery and wagon trains safe passage to retreat through the "Ringgold Gap" mountain pass and caused high Federal casualties.

Background

The disastrous Confederate rout at Missionary Ridge on November 25 dealt a staggering blow to the Army of Tennessee, in terms of manpower and morale, and forced the haggard army into a retreat into northwest Georgia. The army soon came upon the mountain pass known as the Ringgold Gap. To give time for his artillery and wagontrains to get through the gap, Confederate General Braxton Bragg decided to send orders to his rear, supervised by Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne, to defend the pass "at all hazards" from the Union army.

Battle

At 3 a.m., Cleburne readied his men and waited until the Union force was almost upon them before opening fire with artillery and rifles. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's force was taken utterly by surprise, but he tried to use his numbers to regain the initiative. He attempted to outflank the Confederates both on the right and on the left, but the Confederates held their positions. For five hours the slaughter continued, Cleburne's 4100 soldiers against Hooker's 12,000, with Hooker gaining little ground. Cleburne's men stayed to about noon, then retreated, successfully allowing the wagons and artillery to pass through the gap unharmed.

References

* Kennedy, Frances H., Ed., "The Civil War Battlefield Guide", 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998, ISBN 0-395-74012-6.
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga005.htm National Park Service battle description]
* [http://www.us-civilwar.com/ringgold.htm "Battle of Ringgold Gap" at www.us-civilwar.com]