Tommy Lucchese

Infobox Person
name=Gaetano Lucchese


caption=
birth_date=birth date|1899|12|1|mf=y
birth_place=Palermo, Sicily, Italy
death_date=death date and age|1967|7|13|1899|12|1|mf=y
death_place=Lido Beach, Nassau County, New York, U.S.

Gaetano "Tommy Gunn" Lucchese aka Three-Fingers Brown or Three Fingers and Tommy Brown (December 1, 1899 Palermo, Italy - July 13, 1967 Lido Beach, New York) was a New York mobster who was a key ally of Charlie Luciano during the 1920s and co-founder of the New York Lucchese crime family.

Background

Lucchese (pronounced "Lou-kay-zee") was popular and well-liked among his men, and known to value their welfare highly. He also enjoyed close relations with mayors and other politicians, including New York Mayors William O'Dwyer and Vincent Impellitteri and became one of the most well-respected bosses of the era. Lucchese was five-foot-two with a slight build, but readily capable of ruthless violence.

Early life & Prohibition

Born in Palermo, Sicily, Lucchese immigrated to the United States some time during the first decade of the 20th century. He lost a finger following an industrial accident in 1915, and during one of his earlier bookings a police officer made a comment regarding Luchese's deformed hand Mordecai "Three-Finger Brown" Brown, a popular baseball player of that era who also had a deformed hand, thus earning Luchese his nickname, but not one used by his associates. Lucchese started his own window cleaning company when he was 18 working with Samuele Magliocco, which eventually became an extortion racket. As a young man, he racked up a long list of arrests including some for homicide. However, except for a single grand larceny charge, he managed to avoid conviction in every case.

The Castellammarese War

In 1930, the Castellammarese War was being fought between two rival crime bosses, Guiseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano. Lucchese began the war as the right-hand man of Gaetano "Tom" Reina, the head of a family aligned with Masseria. In February 1930, Vito Genovese, a Masseria gunman, killed Reina. Masseria had suspected Reina of plotting with Maranzano and decided to replace him with a more controllable ally, Joseph Pinzolo. Lucchese resented Pinzolo's appointment and allegedly murdered him. Luckily for Lucchese, Masseria attributed the killing to Maranzano.

As the gang war continued for several years, the tide began to turn against Masseria. Charles "Lucky" Luciano, one of Masseria's top lieutenants, began secret negotiations with Maranzano. Luciano persuaded Lucchese and Gaetano "Tommy" Gagliano, another Masseria backer, to secretly switch to Maranzano. At this point, Maranzano believed that Lucchese and Gagliano were now his men, but in actuality their loyalty was only to Luciano. Lucchese became one of Luciano's favoured hitmen and was alleged to have been involved in at least 30 murders.

On April 15, 1931, with the connivance of Luciano, Joe Masseria was assassinated at a restaurant in Coney Island by Genovese and several of his own men. With Masseria's death, the Castellammarese War was over and Maranzano was the victor.

Mob reorganization

With the end of the gang war, Maranzano set up a new structure of crime families that would incorporate all the existing Sicilian and Italian gangs in the United States with him as the top boss. The old Reina gang would become one of the five crime families of New York City. Gagliano became the boss of this new family with Lucchese as his underboss.

On September 10, 1931, Maranzano was murdered in his office. Jealous of their power, Maranzano had arranged the murders of Luciano and Genovese. However, Luciano found out about the plot and killed Maranzano first. Rather than become a new boss of all bosses, Luciano instead set up a Mafia Commission composed of family representatives who would regulate organized crime and prevent future wars. However, behind the scenes, Luciano was the strongest, and most respected, boss.

Lucchese family

Gagliano remained family boss until his death by natural causes in 1953. Having served for 22 years as a loyal underboss to Gagliano, Lucchese finally took control of the organization himself. Concentrating on the core Cosa Nostra values of making money and not getting caught, Lucchese took the family into new rackets in Manhattan's Garment District and in the related trucking industry, taking control of key union officials and trade associations.

Later years

Lucchese led a quiet, stable life until he developed a fatal brain tumor and died at his home in the Lido Beach area of Long Island on July 13, 1967. His funeral at the Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York, was attended by over 1,000 mourners, including politicians, judges, policemen, racketeers, drug pushers, pimps, and hitmen. He was succeeded as boss by Carmine Tramunti and later Antonio "Tony Ducks" Corallo.

In popular culture

Lucchese was portrayed by Jon Polito in the 1981 television miniseries "The Gangster Chronicles", released later that year as the film "Gangster Wars".

Further reading

*Davis, John H. "Mafia Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the Gambino Crime Family". New York: HarperCollins, 1993. ISBN 0-06-016357-7
*Kwitny, Jonathan. "Vicious Circles: The Mafia in the Marketplace". New York: W.W. Norton, 1979. ISBN 0-393-01188-7
*Moldea, Dan E. "The Hoffa Wars". New York: Charter Books, 1978. ISBN 0-441-34010-5
*Ragano, Frank and Raab, Selwyn. "Mob Lawyer". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994. ISBN 0-684-19568-2

External links

* [http://www.onewal.com/maf-art10.html White-Collar Mafioso: Tommy Lucchese (1899-1967)] by Thomas Hunt
* [http://gangstersinc.tripod.com/ThomasLucchese.html Gangsters Inc. - Gaetano "Tommy Brown" Lucchese] by David Amoruso
* [http://dks.thing.net/Lord_High_Executioner.html Douglas Kelly Show - Thomas Lucchese: Lord High Exectioner]
* [http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=99 Free Information Society - Gaetano Lucchese "Tommy Brown"]
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Luchese&GSfn=t&GSbyrel=all&GSdyrel=all&GSob=n&GRid=650& Thomas "Three Finger Brown" Luchese] at Find A Grave