British Columbia general election, 1894

British Columbia general election, 1894

This was the seventh election held after British Columbia became a province of Canada on July 20 1871. The number of members remained at 33 with the number of ridings increased to 26 as a result of the partition of the Yale and Westminster ridings.

Political Context

Issues and Debates

Non-Party System

There were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations "Government" and "Opposition" and "Independent" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. "Government" meant in support of the current Premier; "Opposition" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government.

Although Labour as a party had run candidates in previous election, this election saw the first victories by Labour candidates (in Nanaimo and Nanaimo City), and a "Farmer" candidate (in the second Nanaimo seat). There were five successful independents.

The Robson Government

The government of newspaperman John Robson received a mandate after assuming power the year before. Robson died in office in 1892, yielding to Theodore Davie.

Byelections not shown

Any changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.

List of ridings

The original ridings were thirteen in number, and Cowichan was restored to a two-member seat while Westminster (formerly New Wesminster, actually the rural areas of the New Westminster Land District rather than the City of New Westminster, which was and continued to be represented by New Westminster City) was partitioned in four; Vancouver City was increased to three members from two while Cariboo was decreased to two from three. The Victoria, Nanaimo, West Kootenay and Lillooet ridings were partitioned also, and the Alberni and Cowichan ridings were combined into Cowichan-Alberni, which was a two-member seat. In addition the Nanaimo-area riding of The Islands which had appeared for the first time in 1890 election was no longer on the hustings, although it would re-appear again following the major redistribution that preceded the 1903 election. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually Conservative, although both Liberal and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).

These ridings were:
*Cariboo (three members)
*Cassiar
*Comox
*Cowichan-Alberni (two members)
*East Kootenay
*Esquimalt (two members)
*Lillooet East
*Lillooet West
*North Nanaimo
*South Nanaimo
*Nanaimo City
*New Westminster City
*North Victoria
*South Victoria
*Vancouver City (three members)
*Victoria City (four members)
*West Kootenay (north riding)
*West Kootenay (south riding)
*Westminster-Chilliwhack
*Westminster-Delta
*Westminster-Dewdney
*Westminster-Richmond
*Yale-East
*Yale-North
*Yale-West

Polling Conditions

Natives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.

Results by riding

-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|William Adams
align="center" rowspan=2 |Cariboo
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" |Lillooet East
Opposition
align="center"|James Douglas Prentice
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Samuel Augustus Rogers
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" |New Westminster City
Opposition
align="center"|James Buckham Kennedy
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|John Irving
align="center" |Cassiar
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" rowspan=3 |Vancouver City
Opposition
align="center"|Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Joseph Hunter
align="center" |Comox
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center"|Robert MacPherson
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Theodore Davie1
align="center" rowspan=2 |Cowichan-Alberni
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center"|Adolphus Williams
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|James Mitchell Mutter
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" |Westminster-Delta
Opposition
align="center"|Thomas William Forster
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|James Baker
align="center" |East Kootenay
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" |Westminster-Dewdney
Opposition
align="center"|Colin Buchanan Sword
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Theodore Davie
align="center" rowspan=2 |Esquimalt
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" |Yale-East
Opposition
align="center"|Donald Graham
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Charles Edward Pooley
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
align="center" |Yale-West
Opposition
align="center"|Charles Augustus Semlin
Canadian politics/party colours/Opp|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Alfred Wellington Smith
align="center" |Lillooet West
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|James McGregor
align="center" |Nanaimo City
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|John Bryden
align="center" |North Nanaimo
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|John Paton Booth
align="center" |North Victoria
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|William Wymond Walkem
align="center" |South Nanaimo
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|David McEwen Eberts
align="center" |South Victoria
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|John Braden
align="center" rowspan=4 |Victoria City
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Henry Dallas Helmcken
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Robert Paterson Rithet
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|John Herbert Turner
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|James M. Kellie
align="center" |West Kootenay (north riding)
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|John Frederick Hume
align="center" |West Kootenay (South riding)
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Thomas Edwin Kitchen
align="center" |Westminster-Chilliwhack
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|Thomas Kidd
align="center" |Westminster-Richmond
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
-
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|
align="center"|George Bohun Martin
align="center" |Yale-North
Government
Canadian politics/party colours/Gov|

-|
align-left"|1 Premier-Elect and Incumbent Premier
-
align="center" colspan="10"|Source: [http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/toc.html Elections BC]
-

See also

*List of British Columbia political parties

Further reading & references

*"In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia", Joseph Morton, J.J. Douglas, Vancouver (1974). Despite its title, a fairly thorough account of the politicians and electoral politics in early BC.


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