Thoroughbred racing in Australia

Horse Racing in Australia is administered by the Australian Racing Board, with each state's Principal Racing Authority agreeing to abide by, and to enforce, the Australian Rules of Racing.

Thoroughbred horse racing is the third most attended spectator sport in Australia, behind Australian rules football and rugby league, with almost 2 million admissions to the 379 racecourses throughout Australia in 2002-2003. Besides being a spectator sport, horse racing is also an industry, which provides full- or part-time employment for almost 250,000 people, the equivalent of 77,000 jobs. About 300,000 people have a direct interest as owners, or members of syndicates in the 31,000 horses in training in Australia [http://www.australian-racing.net.au/factBook.html] .

Public interest in thoroughbred racing, especially during the main Spring and Autumn racing carnivals, has been growing in recent years with over 100,000 attracted to the running of both the Melbourne Cup and VRC Oaks. The Caulfield Cup and W S Cox Plate are also major attractions.

Throughout its history, horse racing has become part of the Australian culture and has developed a rich and colourful language, as well as providing some of Australia's great sporting icons such as Phar Lap, Tulloch, Bernborough, Kingston Town, Northerly and Makybe Diva.

Administration of racing in Australia

Australia

Racing in the Australian continent is governed by the Australian Racing Board. This body supersedes the power of the principal clubs, which were once the sovereign body of racing in every state until government reforms introduced separate governing bodies for the industry.

Victoria

Victoria is considered to be the home of racing in Australia, with international races like the Melbourne Cup. The governing body is Racing Victoria Limited. The principal club is the Victoria Racing Club, which races at Flemington; the two other metropolitan clubs are the Melbourne Racing Club, which races at Caulfield and Sandown, and the Moonee Valley Racing Club, home of the Weight for Age championship of Australasia, the Cox Plate. The state boasts many top-class provincial and country racecourses including Cranbourne, Mornington, Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo, Mildura, Stony Creek, Wangaratta, Warrnambool and Moe.

New South Wales

Racing in New South Wales is governed by the NSW Thoroughbred Racing Board. The principal clubs are the Australian Jockey Club, which races at Royal Randwick and Warwick Farm, the Sydney Turf Club, which races at Rosehill Gardens and Canterbury Park. The state's major provincial tracks are Newcastle and Kembla Grange, which alternate their meetings every second Saturday. Other notable tracks include Hawkesbury, Gosford and Grafton which host's the largest race carnival in Australia outside of a capital city.Fact|date=June 2008

outh Australia

Racing in South Australia is governed by Thoroughbred Racing S.A. Limited. The principal club is the South Australian Jockey Club, which races at Morphettville, Cheltenham and Victoria Park. Additionally, the Oakbank Racing Club holds an annual carnival with its two meetings on Easter Saturday and Easter Monday.

Queensland

Racing in Queensland is governed by the Queensland Thoroughbred Racing Board, and the principal clubs are the Queensland Turf Club, which races at Eagle Farm, and the Brisbane Turf Club, which races at Doomben. Outside of Brisbane, meetings are held each Saturday at the Gold Coast and Toowoomba racecourses.

Western Australia

Racing in Western Australia is governed by Racing and Wagering Western Australia, which is a government-owned body. The main racing club, Western Australian Turf Club now known as Perth Racing, holds racing at Belmont Park and Ascot Racecourse. Other popular courses with feature races in Western Australia are Bunbury, Pinjarra, York, Geraldton, Albany, Kalgoorlie and Northam.

The most popular race is the Perth Cup, held each New Year's Day at Ascot. There are three Group 1 races contended, being the Railway Stakes, the Kingston Town Classic, and the WATC Derby.

Tasmania

Racing in Tasmania is governed by the Tasmanian Thoroughbred Racing Council and the principal club is the Tasmanian Turf Club. There are Tasmanian meetings every Sunday usually alternating between Elwick Racecourse near Hobart, Tasman Park near Launceston and Spreyton, Devonport.

Northern Territory

Racing in the Northern Territory is now governed by Thorougbred Racing NT (formerly the Darwin Turf Club, which races at Fannie Bay.)

Australian Capital Territory

Racing in the Australian Capital Territory is governed by the principal club, the Canberra Racing Club.

Betting

There are four main avenues for race betting in Australia. Licensed on-track bookmakers offer fixed-odds betting, mostly on wins and places. Off-track betting was traditionally controlled by the various state government through organisation called "Totalisator Agency Boards" (TAB), which offered mainly parimutuel betting - that is, the odds were not fixed but involved "the house" taking a fixed cut and distributing the remainder amongst people who made a winning bet. Many of these "TABs" have now been privatised, and many pubs now offer betting services linked to the privatised offshoots of the companies. In some parts of Australia there was a tradition of illegal off-course bookmaking, known as SP bookmaking historically involving significant turnover, though it is unclear whether this is still the case. Finally, there is Betfair, a person to person betting exchange, which has recently made inroads into the Australian market.

Australia was the source of one of the major developments in race wagering - the totalisator or tote - an analogue computer which allowed the automatic calculation of race odds given betting patterns.

Facts and figures for season 2004-05

Racing statistics

* Race clubs: 391
* Racecourses: 364
* Race meetings: 2,745
* Total races: 19,968
* Trainers: 5080
* Jockeys: 1043
* Bookmakers: 610
* Number of drug tests: 32,003
* Number of positive cases: 51

Group races

* Group 1 races: 66
* Group 2 races: 83
* Group 3 races: 112
* Listed races: 281

Breeding

* Stallions: 916
* Mares: 27882
* Live Foals: 17178
* Gross Yearling Sales: AU$253 million
* Average selling price: AU$52,232
* Champion Sire: Danehill (USA)

Prizemoney and earnings

* Total Prizemoney: AU$362 million
* Leading Prizemoney Earner: Makybe Diva
* Total number of race horses: 31,037
* Number of horses which earned over $100,000: 507
* Number of horses which earned less than $2,000: 13,715
* Number of horses with 4 or more wins: 727
* Number of horses with 0 wins: 19,031

=Wagering=
* Totalisator: AU$8,764 million
** Win: 46.6%
** Place: 16.0%
** Trifecta: 19.4%
** Quinella: 5.9%
** Doubles: 2.6%
** Other: 9.5%
* Bookmakers: AU$2,937 million

The season's winners

* Racehorse of the year: Makybe Diva
* Leading Trainer by Group wins: Gai Waterhouse
* Leading Trainer by wins: John Hawkes
* Leading Jockey by Group wins: Glen Boss
* Leading Jockey by wins: Darren Beadman

ee also

*Australian and New Zealand punting glossary

*Millionaire Racehorses in Australia

*Harness racing in Australia

References

* [http://www.australian-racing.net.au/factBook.html Australian Racing Fact Book]
* [http://www.tbheritage.com/TurfHallmarks/Aus/AusHistHerringer.html Thoroughbred Horse Racing in Australia]