Riccardo Zandonai

Riccardo Zandonai (28 May 1883 - 5 June 1944) was an Italian opera composer.

Biography

Zandonai was born in Sacco di Rovereto, then part of Austria-Hungary.

As a young man, he showed such aptness in his musical studies that he entered the Pesaro Conservatorio in 1899 and completed his studies in 1902; he completed the nine-year curriculum in only three years. Among his teachers was Pietro Mascagni, who regarded him highly.

During this period he composed the "Inno degli studenti trentini", that is, the anthem of the organised irredentist youth of his native province. His essay for graduation was an opera named "Il ritorno di Odisseo" (The Return of Ulysses), based on a poem by Giovanni Pascoli, for singers, choir and orchestra. The same year 1902 he put to music another Pascoli poem, "Il sogno di Rosetta". In 1908, in Milan, he was heard by Arrigo Boito at a soirée, and Boito introduced him to Giulio Ricordi, one of the dominating figures in Italian musical publishing at the time.

Zandonai's fame rests largely on his opera "Francesca da Rimini", a free adaptation of a tragedy which Gabriele D'Annunzio had written expanding a passage from Dante's "Inferno"; it has never fallen entirely from the repertoire, and has been recorded several times. A while after the première, he married soprano Tarquinia Tarquini, for whom he had created the role of Conchita in the eponymous opera (dealing with a topic that Puccini had first considered and then rejected).

Soon, however, war broke out; patriotic Zandonai in 1916 composed a song, "Alla Patria" ("For the Motherland"), dedicated to Italy, with the result that his home and belongings in Sacco (then still in Austro-Hungarian hands) were confiscated (he received them back after the war).

When Puccini died without completing the music for the last act of "Turandot", Zandonai was among several composers the Ricordi publishing firm considered for the task of finishing it. Puccini himself, in his final illness, seems to have supported the choice of Zandonai - certainly Toscanini looked with approval on this choice - but his son Tonio Puccini, for reasons still obscure, vetoed it. Ultimately Franco Alfano was chosen to complete "Turandot".

In 1935 Zandonai became the director of the conservatory in his beloved Pesaro. There he revived some works of Rossini, such as "Il viaggio a Reims" and the overture for "Maometto secondo". In 1941 he re-orchestrated - and reduced to three acts - "La gazza ladra".

Three years later, he died in Pesaro, after undergoing gallstone surgery. His last words were for the priest who announced to him that the day before, Rome had been liberated. The dying composer said, in his native dialect: "Good! Viva l'Italia; the sound part".

Major works

Operas

*"La coppa del Re "(c. 1904, never performed)
*"L'uccellino d'oro", libretto by father Giovanni Chelodi after the Grimm brothers, (1907); notice that Zandonai's version is for piano and singers only.
*"Il grillo del focolare", libretto by Cesare Hanau after Charles Dickens' "The Cricket on the Hearth", (1908)
*"Conchita" after Pierre Louÿs' "La femme et le pantin", (1911)
*"Melenis "after Louis Bouilhet (1912)
*"Francesca da Rimini" Libretto adapted from the play by Gabriele d'Annunzio (1914)
*"La via della finestra", after Augustin Eugène Scribe (1919)
*"Giulietta e Romeo", libretto by Arturo Rossato after William Shakespeare (1922); there's a German version with libretto by Alfred Brüggemann.
*"I cavalieri di Ekebù", libretto by Rossato after Selma Lagerlöf's "Gösta Berling's Saga"; the German version with libretto by Ernst Lert is titled "Die Kavaliere von Ekeby" (1925).
*"Giuliano", libretto by Rossato after J. da Voragine et Gustave Flaubert (1928)
*"Una partita", libretto by Rossato after Alexandre Dumas, père (1933)
*"La farsa amorosa", libretto by Rossato after "El sombrero de tres picos" by Pedro de Alarcón (1933)
*"Il bacio", libretto by Rossato and Emilio Mucci after Gottfried Keller (1944, final act left incomplete at death)

acred

*"Te Deum" for male choir and organ (1906)
*Two samplers of "Melodie per canto e piano" (1907, 1913)
*"O Padre nostro che nei cieli stai" for choir, organ and orchestra (1912)
*"Messa da Requiem" for choir (1914)
*Recently a "Missa pro defunctis" was discovered.

Other

Various symphonic compositions:
*"Primavera in Val di Sole"
*"Autunno fra i monti"
*"Ballata eroica"
*"Fra gli alberghi delle Dolomiti"
*"Quadri di Segantini"
*"Rapsodia trentina"
*"Colombina"
A "Concerto romantico" for violin
A "Concerto andaluso" for cello
In 1936 he composed the soundtrack for the French film "Tarakánowa", by Feodor Ozep.

External links

*IMSLP|id=Zandonai,_Riccardo

Further reading

*K. C. Dryden, "Riccardo Zandonai: A Biography" (Peter Lang Publishing, Berlin, 1999) - ISBN 0820436496