Jin Zhun

Jin Zhun

Jin Zhun (靳準) (d. 318) was an official of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao, who in 318 staged a coup against the Han Zhao emperor and his son-in-law Liu Can and then massacred the imperial Liu family. His forces were subsequently squeezed in by the succeeding emperor Liu Yao and the general Shi Le, and, facing probable defeat, his followers assassinated him. He was probably ethnically Han, but that is not completely clear.

During Liu Cong's reign

The first reference to Jin Zhun in history was in 315, when he was mentioned as a minor Han Zhao general, whose two beautiful daughters Jin Yueguang and Jin Yuehua were taken by the Han Zhao emperor Liu Cong (Emperor Zhaowu) as consorts. Liu Cong, who was then starting the highly unorthodox practice of creating multiple empresses, creating Jin Yueguang as "Upper Empress" and Jin Yuehua as "Right Empress." That same year, Upper Empress Jin was revealed by the official Chen Yuanda (陳元達) as having committed adultery, causing Liu Cong to feel compelled to depose her. Ashamed, she committed suicide.

It was also mentioned that another daughter of Jin Zhun married Liu Cong's son, Liu Can, but the year is unknown. As years went by, Jin Zhun became closely associated with the Liu Can and several eunuchs and servants trusted by Liu Cong and Liu Can, including Wang Chen (王沈), Xuan Huai (宣懷), and Guo Yi (郭漪). Jin and Guo were instrumental in persuading Liu Can that his uncle, Liu Ai (劉乂) the crown prince was conspiring against him and his father, and subsequently participated heavily in Liu Can's plot to have his uncle falsely accused of treason and removed as crown prince in 317. Jin also assassinated the former Crown Prince Ai, on Liu Can's orders. Liu Can became crown prince, and Princess Jin became crown princess.

Coup against Liu Can

After Liu Cong died in summer 318, Liu Can succeeded to the throne, and proceeded to spend day and night committing adultery with his father's four surviving empresses -- one of which was Jin Zhun's daughter Jin Yuehua. Jin hatched a plan to overthrow Liu Can, and managed to persuade, with the help of his two daughters (Empress Dowager Jin and Empress Jin) that several imperial princes and high level officials were conspiring against him. With Liu Can's approval, those imperial princes and high level officials were executed. Jin Zhun became in control of government, and, after putting his cousins Jin Ming (靳明) and Jin Kang (靳康) in command of the armies, carried out a coup against Liu Can, capturing and executing him. He then massacred all members of the imperial Liu clan that he could capture -- regardless of gender or age. He also dug up the graves of Liu Cong and the founding emperor, Liu Yuan, and burned the Han Zhao imperial temple.

After the coup

Jin claimed for himself the titles of supreme commander and (historical sources are in conflict) either "heavenly prince" (天王) ["Zizhi Tongjian", vol. 90.] ["Book of Jin", vol. 102.] or "great prince" (大王) ["Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms", vol. 1.] of Han (the official state name for Han Zhao at the time). He acted in the role of an emperor, and he sent messengers to Emperor Yuan of Jin, claiming that he was about to revert to Jin Dynasty's rule. The Jin emperor believed him, and sent out an army to try to support him.

Before that Jin army could come close to arriving, however, Jin Zhun was caught in a trap. The major Han Zhao generals Liu Yao the Prince of Qin, who controlled the Chang'an region, and Shi Le, who controlled the eastern empire, both moved their troops against him. Shi Le, whose headquarters were closer at Xiangguo (襄國, in modern Xingtai, Hebei), quickly arrived near the capital Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), but chose to not engage Jin Zhun immediately. In winter 318, Liu Yao, a cousin of Liu Cong, declared himself emperor, and advanced on Pingyang as well. Jin was caught between Liu Yao's and Shi's forces.

Jin sent imperial garments and wagons to Shi, seeking peace. Shi, however, sent those, along with Jin's messenger, over to Liu Yao. Liu Yao claimed that he admired Jin for carrying out the coup that allowed him to be emperor, because the government had become so corrupt late in Liu Cong's and in Liu Can's reigns, and offered not only to spare his life but to continue to allow him to be an important official. Jin, however, distrusted Liu Yao's offer, because he had killed Liu Yao's mother and brother in the massacre. However, as he hesitated, he was assassinated by Jin Kang, Qiao Tai (喬泰), and Wang Teng (王騰), who then surrendered to Liu Yao, who then massacred the Jin clan.

Notes and references

* "Book of Jin", vol. 102.
* "Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms", vol. 1.
* "Zizhi Tongjian", vols. 89, 90.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Emperor Yuan of Jin — (晋元帝/晉元帝, pinyin Jìn Yuándì, Wade Giles Chin Yüan ti) (276 January 3, 323), personal name Sima Rui (司馬睿), courtesy name Jingwen (景文), was an emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265 420) and the first of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His reign saw the steady… …   Wikipedia

  • Empress Jin (Yin) — Empress Jin (靳皇后, personal name unknown) was briefly an empress of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao. Her husband was Liu Can (Emperor Yin).She was Jin Zhun s daughter. It is not known what year she married Liu Can, but when he served as his… …   Wikipedia

  • Emperor Hui of Jin — Emperor Hui of Jin, sim. ch. 晋惠帝, trad. ch. 晉惠帝, py. jìn huì dì, wg. Chin Hui ti (259 poisoned January 8, 307), personal name Sima Zhong (司馬衷), courtesy name Zhengdu (正度), was the second emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265 420). Emperor Hui was a… …   Wikipedia

  • Liu Yao — (劉曜) (d. 329), courtesy name Yongming (永明), was the final emperor of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao. He became emperor in 318 after most other members of the imperial Liu clan were massacred by Jin Zhun in a coup. However, the empire was soon …   Wikipedia

  • Liu Can — (劉粲) (d. 318), courtesy name Shiguang (士光), Posthumous name (as given by Jin Zhun) Emperor Yin of Han (Zhao) (漢(趙)隱帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao, who reigned briefly in 318 before being killed by his trusted father in… …   Wikipedia

  • Liu Cong (Han Zhao) — See also Liu Cong (刘琮), son of Liu Biao Liu Cong (劉聰) (d. 318), courtesy name Xuanmen (玄門), nickname Zai (載), formally Emperor Zhaowu of Han (Zhao) (漢(趙)昭武帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao.Liu Cong s reign was one filled… …   Wikipedia

  • Shi Le — (石勒) (274 333), courtesy name Shilong (世龍), formally Emperor Ming of (Later) Zhao ((後)趙明帝), was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao. In young age, he was sold as a slave by Jin Dynasty (265 420) s ethnically Han officials,… …   Wikipedia

  • Liu Cong's later empresses — The Han Zhao emperor Liu Cong, after his third wife Empress Liu E s death in 314, became involved in the unorthodox practice of creating multiple empresses, against the Chinese tradition of having one empress at one time. Several women therefore… …   Wikipedia

  • Shi Hu — (石虎) (295 349), courtesy name Jilong (季龍), formally Emperor Wu of (Later) Zhao ((後)趙武帝), was an emperor of the Chinese/Jie state Later Zhao. He was the founding emperor Shi Le s distant nephew, who took power in a coup after Shi Le s death from… …   Wikipedia

  • Liu Xi — (劉熙) (d. 329), courtesy name Yiguang (義光), was the crown prince and a son of Liu Yao, the final emperor of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao, who was thrust into the leadership role after his father was captured by rival Later Zhao s forces, but …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”